FRENCH HISTORY 1785-1799
FRENCH INDEX Return to Main French INDEX
New York is full of some 70,000 British Loyalists seeking asylum.
1775
General Hospital, Montreal, death Charlotte Cote (1762-1775) age 13, slave of M. Cote, a voyageur.
(VI)-Jean Baptiste Couillard DesEssars Metis b-1759 don (V)-Jean Baptiste
Couillard Metis (1729-1759) and (II)-Marie Genevieve Allirs b-1739; married
about 1775 (V)-Romaine Caron b-1750
(VII)-Marie Scholastique Couillard Metis b-1776 I'Islet
Montreal, marriage, (III)-Albert Farly, Metis, b-1741, son (II)-Jacques Philippe Farly, b-1710 and (III)-Marie Joseph Dumouchel, Metis, B-1714; married 1775 (IV)-Marie Joseph Latour, b-1750.
Claire Mius, Metis, b-1775, Acadia, daughter Charles Amand Mius, Metis, b-1752, Acadia and Marie Josephte Mius, Metis; married (I)-Jean Blachard
Birth (V)-Marie Louise Prevost, Metis, died March 2, 1776, Ste Foye, daughter (IV)-Joseph Guillaume Prevost, Metis b-1734 and (III)-Marie Marguerite Marie (1708-1783)
(IV)-Charles Tinon Metis (1739-1782) son (III)-Charles Tinon b-1717 and
(III)-Marie Therese Jean dit Denis Metis (1701-1786): married about 1775
(V)-Marie Joseph Dorval b-1747
(V)-Louise Tinon Metis b-1776 married 1795 St Augustin
(IV)-Jean Masson b-1750
Birth (III)-Marguerite Victoire Raizenne, Metis b-1775 daughter (I)-Ignace Raizenne, Metis and Elisabeth Steben Sauvagesse; married 1796 de Faucamp, Antoine Chevrier
Thomas Walker, a British Republican and a Montreal merchant, is selling seduction inciting the French Quebec Canadians to join in the New England Colony uprising against the British. The Roman Catholic Church, through the Bishop, decrees that anyone who takes up the rebellion will be denied the sacraments and a Christian burial. The Church has great fears that under New England control, the French language and religion will not survive. These revolutionaries are preaching rebellion everywhere and are raising hell. Even at the churches some French are praying for a New England victory, and the French loyalists consider this as a falling away from their faith.
In Acadia, Nova Scotia there are about fifteen to twenty thousand whites and about three thousand Natives. Two thirds are estimated to be Americans who had moved from the New England colonies, some as early as 1713 but most since 1758, who located about the Bay of Fundy and up the Saint John River. The remaining third are Acadian, Huguenots and Germans of Lunenburg County. About Minas Basin are some Ulstermen; originally from New Hampshire. There are some recently arrived Yorkshire settlers at Istmus, some Scots at Pictou and Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and a scatter of British Army and navy veterans.
The Frobisher brothers joined James McGill and Maurice Regis Blondeau, 1734-1809, in outfitting an expedition to Grand Portage, Minnesota.
Guy Carleton is highly criticized by the British for not hunting down the fleeing New England (American) rebels, but he was well aware the Canadians would find no satisfaction in this activity and he lacked sufficient man power.
The Loyal Orange Order hated the French Catholics so much they issued an order to expel from the Order any man who married a Catholic.
During 1775-1783 some estimate that 55,000 Americans served as Privateers and they seized about 300 British ships.
January 9: St
Joseph, Beauce married (IV)-Jean Baptiste Bourbeau Metis b-1742 son
(III)-Jacques Bourbeau b-1710 and (IV)-Marie Louise Thibault Metis b-1711;
married Marie Genevieve Poulin
(V)-Anonyme Bourbeau Metis (1775-1775) St
Joseph, Beauce
(V)-Jean Baptiste Bourbeau Metis (1776-1777) St
Joseph, Beauce
(V)-Marie Louise Bourbeau Metis b-1778 St
Joseph, Beauce
(V)-Marie Genevieve Bourbeau Metis married
1797 Quebec (IV)-Gabriel Queret dit Latulippe
January 30: Chateau
Richer marriage (V)-Joseph Belanger b-1744 to (VI)-Marie Ursule Guyon Metis
b-1751 (V)-Jean baptiste Guyon Metis b-1722 and (II)-Marie Boucher
(VI)-Marie Belanger Metis (1775-1779) Chateau Richer
(VI)-Joseph Andre Belanger Metis (1777-1778) Chateau Richer
(VI)-Pierre Felix Belanger Metis b-1779 Chateau Richer
(VI)-Joseph Marie Belanger Metis married 1812 Rimouski
(VI)-Restitute Cote
January 30: St Cuthbert marriage (V)-Clement
Langlois Metis b-1746 son (IV)-Louis Langlois Metis b-1714 and (IV)-Madeleine
Bacon b-1721; married Rose Carre dit Boucher
(VI)-Clement Langlois Metis b-1786 Trois Pistoles
(VI)-Benjamin Langlois Metis b-1792 Trois Pistoles
January 30:
Repentigny, marriage (IV)-Ignace Tessier, Metis, born February 25, 1750 St.
Michel d'Yamaska son (III)-Ignace Tessier dit Lavige, Metis, b-1706 and
(III)-Genevieve Forcier, b-1718; married January 30, 1775 Repentigny, Genevieve
Char Dentier..
Ferbruary 15: Ste Anne de la Perade, birth (V)-Francois Baril, Metis, son (IV)-Jean Baptiste Baril and (IV)-Marie Joseph Morand, Metis
February 27: Longue Pointe. marriage (IV)-Joseph Carrier, b-1749 to (IV)-Marie Judith Baudreau, Metis, born May 2, 1754, Longue Pointe, daughter (III)-Urban Baudreau, Metis, d-1767 and (IV)-Marie Judith Dufresne, b-1731.
March 13: Trois Rivers birth
(III or IV)-Jean Baptiste Fafard dit Laframboise Metis (1788-1796) was reported
at Michilimackinac in 1786 bapt 1796 Fort
Michilimackinac son (III)-Alex (Alexander) Joseph Fafard Laframboise Metis
(1763-1800) and Marguerite Sauragess Sauteuse who was the son (II)-Jean
Baptiste Fafard Laframboise and Genevieve Exupere Trotter Labissoniere
(IV)-Joseph Laframboise bapt 1790 Michilimackinac
(IV)-Augustin Laframboise b-1795 Michilimackinac married 1808
Josephte Gonneville
(IV)-Genieve Laframboise bapt 1796 Michilimackinac
(IV)-Josephte Laframboise bapt 1796 Michilimackinac
(IV)-Jean Baptiste Laframboise bapt 1796 Michilimackinac
March 25: Montreal, birth (III)-Marie Joseph Guy, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Guy (1738-1812) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Hervieux, Metis (1743-1785).
April 6: Ste Anne de la Perde, death Jean Baptiste Negre, b-1770, slave Naudiere.
April 19: The New English Colonies declare war on the British and the New England colonists who have loyalty to the British. Their homes are looted, their houses and crops are burnt, and the men and boys are imprisoned- some for up to four years. Terrorism and mass discrimination, in epic proportions, grips the thirteen New England Colonies.
April 17: In Lexington, Massachusetts, the New England rebellion begins, and the rebel leader, George Washington, is determined to seize Quebec before Britain can use it as a spring board to invade the thirteen colonies. He also declares that he wants to possess all of Canada, not just an opposition to the British. Most Canadians want no part of this English family squabble over power. Most French Canadians refuse to take up arms; no more than 600 French Canadians in all of Quebec are prepared to support the British English from the American English.
May 1: In Montreal, Quebec, a bust of King George III was adorned with beads, a cross and miter inscribed with the words Pope of Canada, Sot of England. A reward of five hundred guineas did not lead to the culprit. An American description of rural French Quebec is that they are very stupid; not one in four hundred could read one word, but that they were very precise in saying their prayers, counting their beads and crossing themselves. Their fences were made of cedar stages, driven down into the ground about two inches from each other. All their farming tools and household furniture is very poor. They draw their oxen by the horn. Their houses and barns with thatched roofs are very poor. They sleep on straw beds, raised on bedsteads about two feet high. Their windows are chiefly paper but some are glass. A good chunked breed of horse, small cattle, poor hogs but very good fowls of all sorts. No chairs to set on, all set on blocks and stools. They are very kind and hospitable to us. All camped in the French homes. The army bought bread, milk, eggs, potatoes, rum, brandy, sugar, turkeys, fowls etc. Most French are indifferent to the American siege of Quebec as they didn't care if the English speaking people talked through their noses or their teeth- it was an English fight.
May 22: Jean Olivier Briand (1715-1794), Bishop of Quebec, ordered loyalty to Britain and forbade Canadian women to marry American soldiers.
June 9: Governor General Carleton declared martial law and suspended the administrative provisions of the Quebec Act. He also called for volunteers to augment the 800 British troops stationed in Quebec.
Summer: The rebel commander, George Washington, proposes a two prong attack against Quebec to restore liberty to Canada. This is an interesting remark as in no time in the last 175 years have the French had any form of liberty. Only the Coureurs des Bois, Metis and Indians have had liberty. One rebel army of a thousand men led by Richard Montgomery is to attack Montreal. The other army is to be the real surprise- an attack by land, of Quebec, being led by the rebel Benedict Arnold. Arnold also believes he is bringing liberty to the Canadians. The attack route through Maine is so difficult that even the Indians hadn't liked to use it in the past. Arnold is a good friend of Thomas Walker of Montreal- his spy.
June 26: Quebec, marriage (IV)-Antoine Dubeau Metis b-1744 son (III)-Philippe
Dubeau et Dubos Metis (1715-1759) and (III)-Marie Therese Gaboury (1714-1784);
married Marie Francoise Gagne daughter Francois Gagne
(V)-Marie Dubeau Metis b-1776 Quebec married 1797 Quebec
(IV)-Pierre Rancour b-1771
July 9: Montreal, birth (II)-Pierre Hogue, Metis died April 23, 1697 Montreal, son (I)-Pierre Hogue dit St, Malo b-1648, and Catherine Nachita dit St. Malo (1654-1676) Puteotamite sauvagesse.
July 13: Quebec
marriage (I)-Jacques Rowlands (1745-1783) to (II)-Elisabeth Duperon Metis
b-1748 daughter (I)-Charles Nicolas Duperon and (II)-Elisabst Chandonnet
Metis (1722-1784)
(II)-Jacques Rowlands Metis b-1780 Quebec
August 6: Terrebonne, birth (V)-Marie Forget, Metis daughter (IV)-Gabriel Forget (1741-1821) and (IV)-Therese Tessier Metis, b-1737.
August 27: Hospital General, Montreal, death, Charlotte Panis, b-1762, slave, Cote, a voyager.
August 28: Baie St Paul marriage (V)-Louis Gabriel
Desrosiers b-1755 to (V)-Genevieve Lepage dit Molais Metis b-1757 daughter
(IV)-Antoine Lepage Metis (1736-1770) and (V)-Marie Cote b-1730
(VI)-Louis Joseph Desrosiers Metis married 1804 Rimouski
Procule Chouinard
(VI)-Eustache Desrosiers Metis b-1783 Rimouski married 1804
Rimouski Emerance DeLavoye
(VI)-Jean Baptiste Desrosiers Metis b-1784 Rimouski married
1808 Rimouski Marie Jeanne Delavoye
(VI)-Genevieve Desrosiers Metis b-1787 Rimouski married 1808
Rimouski Simon Carrier
(VI)-Paul Desrosiers Metis b-1789 Rimouski married 1813
Rimouski Marie Anne Drapeau
(VI)-Antoine Desrosiers Metis b-1791 Rimouski
(VI)-Louis Joseph Desrosiers Metis b-1793 Rimouski
September: The rebel Thomas Walker has raised an army of several hundred Canadians to join the invasion forces of Montgomery, and they are nearing Montreal. The only obstacle to Montreal is Fort St. John which is quickly surrounded. The Fort is only defended by a few hundred British regulars, a hand full of Canadians and 80 women and children, against some 1,200 British rebels. The siege lasts for seven weeks, and the rebel cannon finally pounds the Fort into surrender because of the state of the sick and wounded.
August 28: Baie St Paul marriage (V)-Louis Gabriel
Desrosiers Metis son (IV)-Louis Desrosiers b-1719 and (V)-Marie Judith
Guyon Metis; married (V)-Genevieve Lepage b-1757
(VI)-Louis Joseph Desrosiers Metis married 1804 Rimouski
(IV)-Procule Chouinard
(VI)-Eustache Desrosiers Metis b-1783 Rimouski, married 1804
Rimouski (IV)-Procule Chouinard
(VI)-Jean Baptiste Desrosiers Metis b-1784 Rimouski, married
1808 Rimouski (VI)-Marie Jeanne DeLavoye
(VI)-Genevieve Desrosiers Metis b-1787 Rimouski, married 1808
Rimouski Simon Carrier
(VI)-Paul Desrosiers Metis b-1789 Rimouski, married 1813
Rimouski (V)-Marie Anne Drapeau
(VI)-Antoine Desrosiers Metis b-1791 Rimouski
(VI)-Louis Joseph Desrosiers Metis b-1793 Rimouski
October 31: Lachenaye, birth (II)-Charles Maillou, Metis, son (I)-Pierre Maillou dit Larose (1779) and (IV)-Marie Rose Beauchamp, Metis b-1746.
November 3: Fort St. John surrenders, and Montreal is defenseless as most of the British Army are prisoners. The Canadians are told that they are free to stay or leave.
November 5: The ship Elizabeth aka Snow Elizabeth with Capt. John Russell wrecked off narrows near New London, PEI
November 5: Fort Montreal surrenders without a fight. Some citizens welcome the rebels as liberators. Governor Guy Carleton (1724-1808), 1st Baron Dorchester and Governor of Quebec (1768-1778), flees Montreal at the last minute, headed for Quebec City. He is stunned to learn there is a second invading army heading to Quebec.
November 12: All of Canada, except Quebec City, is under American occupation.
November 12: St. Cuthbert, birth (V)-Marie Archange Prevost, Metis, died August 1777, St. Cuthbert daughter (IV)-Pierre Prevost, Metis, b-1723 and (III)-Marie Lesiege, b-1726
November 15: Benedict Arnold's Army advances on Quebec, but his Army is a wreck, having endured a passage the Indians shun. The map supplied by George Washington is 15 years old and it underestimated the distance to Quebec by 200 miles. Most of his boats and supplies are lost in the rivers. The survivors are in great hunger and are reduced to eating their soap and shoes. Five hundred men are lost before the fighting begins. Of his 1,200 man Army, less than 700 reach Quebec. None the less, Arnold demands the surrender of the Fort in the name of the rebel George Washington. Carleton is fully aware that Montgomery and his Army are also marching on Quebec, and some residents of the Fort support the rebellion. He orders all the residents who have not joined the defense of Quebec, to quit the town in four days, including wives and children, or be treated as rebels or spies. Montgomery and Arnold join forces on the Plains of Abraham to plan their siege of Quebec. Their major problem is that most of their Army had only agreed to serve until January 1 and then they were free to return to their farms and towns. A rebel deserter advised Carleton that the rebels would attack under cover on the first snowy night before January 1, 1776.
November 17: Charlottetown, P.E.I. is captured and pillaged by American privateers.
December 31: Snow falls and the attack begins on Quebec. The plan is to take the lower town first, then to rush the Fort. Montgomery attacks on one flank, leading a force of about 300 men against 30 Canadians and a few British seamen. In the driving snow storm, Montgomery never sees them. The Canadians fire one volley, cutting down Montgomery and most of his officers. The remaining men flee back to their camp. Arnold's Army of 700 attacks from the other side of Quebec town and runs a gantlet of fire from the city walls. Arnold is wounded, but his men fight on to the meeting place to join Montgomery. Carleton sends a Canadian Army to cut off Arnold's retreat, and the rebels lose the battle. The final street fighting see four hundred rebels surrender. Another 80 are dead and many of the bodies will not be found until spring.
1776
Prisque Labelle married (IV)-Marie Marguerite Botquin, Metis, daughter (III)-Joseph Botquin dit St. Andre, b-1712 and (III)-Marguerite Baudreau, Metis, b-1725.
Eustache Chartier de Lotbiniere (1716-1785), a Canadian priest, is appointed chaplain for the Canadians who joined the invading American Army. The U.S. Congress ratified his appointment on August 12, as the U.S. Army's first chaplin.
General Hospital, Montreal, death Charlotte Dauby (1752-1776) age 24, slave of M. Dauby.
General Hospital, Montreal death Claire Lemoine Despins (1769-1776) age 7, slave of Jacques Lemoine Despins.
Montreal birth (III)-Charles Oakes Ermatinger Sr. (1776-1833), (II)-Lawrence Ermatinger Jr. (1767-1829) and Ojibwa
Indian or Metis.; married Sault
Ste Marie, Charlotte Mananowe Katawabi (Kalawabide) Dai Ojibwa, d-1880.
(III)-Edward Ermatinger Ojibwa/Metis (1797-1876) married
early 1830's Columbia District Achsah (Axie) Burnham
(II)-Charles
Pellerin b-1731 Acadia married about 1776 Monique Dugas Acadienne
(III)-Marguerite Venerande Pellerin (1777-1874) Quebec
(III)-Marie Louise Pellerin married Pierre Charron
(IV)-Francis Rate
Metis b-1751 son (III)-Ignace Rate b-1729 and (IV)-Marie Therese Leclerc Metis
b-1730; married about 1776 Marie Louise Mailhot
(V)-Amarante Rate Metis married 1798 Quebec (III)-Pierre
Chalou
Lazare Robichard, Metis, b-1776, Acadia, died October 16, 1834, Acadia son Pierre Robichard, b-1737 and Marie Rose Corporon, Metis, b-1752: married November 23, 1812 S.A.R., Marguerite Douchet.
In the spring, when the ice cleared the Saint Lawrence, the British ships arrived with reinforcements. The rebel George Washington's plans for the conquest of Canada has failed. The New Englanders are sharply divided over the rebellion. The revolution has become a bloody civil war. The rebels decree that any loyalty to Britain is a crime, punishable by the whipping post and the noose. It is estimated that 100,000 Loyalists are driven out of the New English's (American) Thirteen Colonies. About 50,000 refugees are fleeing north for sanctuary from persecution, the rest head south or back to Britain and some to their ancestral home country. The rebels confiscated all the lands and property of the Loyalists. Janette Shaw wrote: Farewell unhappy land for which my heart bleeds in pity, you are devoted to rune.
Acadia, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island have a population of about 20,000 of European ancestry. English Loyalists are denied the right to vote, sell land, sue debtors, and become lawyers, doctors or schoolmasters. Their homes are sacked and burned, many are tarred and feathered. Other Loyalists are beaten and lynched. Complaints of harsh treatment to George Washington received the reply that, in simple decency, all Loyalists should commit suicide.
By summer, the British and English are engaged in a bloody civil war.
January 2: I'lle Dupas, birth (III)-Marie Marguerite Chauvin, Metis son (II)-Jean Baptiste Chauvin, Metis b-1740 and Marie Agnes Denus.
March 24: IIe Dupas, birth (IV)-Marie Louise Cadet, Metia, daughter (III)-Joseph Cadet, b-1747 and (III)-Marie Charlotte Farley, Metis.
April 1: Longe Pointe, birth (III)-Marie Louise Guy, Metis, died August 31, 1776 Longe Pointe, daughter (II)-Pierre Guy (1738-1812) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Hervieux, Metis (1743-1785).
May 20: At Les Cedres, 40 miles (64 km) above Montreal, an American Army of 400 surrendered to 40 British and 200 Indians.
June 3: I'lle Dupas, marriage (II)-Joseph L'Europe, Metis, born March 23, 1735 Quebec son (I)-Pierre L'Europe and (III)-Marie Genevieve Michelon, Metis (1706-1757); married (III)-Madeleine Bouchard, Metis, daughter (II)-Jean Bouchard (1697-1747) and (III)-Marie Louise Tessier, Metis, b-1692
June 8: Arthur St. Clair (1734-1818) and his American Army are defeated at Trois Rivieres.
August 11: I'lle Dupas, death (IV)-Albert Farly, Metis, son (III)-Alberta Farly, Metis, b-1741 and (IV)-Marie Joseph Latour, b1750.
August 12: Hospital General, Montreal death Thomas Negres b-1768, slave of Fortier.
August 20: Quebec marriage (IV)-Joseph Carpentier Metis b-1755 son
(III)-Louis Carpentier b-1727 and (IV)-Marie Charlotte Lemieux Metis
(1722-1790); married (IV)-Marie Joseph Carrier b-1752
(V)-Marie Joseph Carpentier Metis b-1776 Ste Foye
September 1: Pte aux Trembles, birth (V)-Charles Trudel, Metis son (IV)-Louis Joseph Trudel Metis b-1731 and (IV)- Francoise Drouin b-1736
September 2: Hospital General, Montreal, death Jean Negres b-1754 slave Auger a merchant.
September 20: Lachenaye, birth (V)-Marie Francoise Hubou, Metis, died September 17, 1777 Lachenaye, daughter (IV)-Charles Hubou, Metis b-1731 and (II)-Marguerite Dufour dit Latour b-1739.
September 30: Hospital General, Montreal, death, Marie Charlotte Panis, b-1752, slave, of Dauby.
October 11: Governor Carleton attacked Benedict Arnold (1741-1801) at Valcour Island while chasing the Americans up Lake Champlain. Two days later, Governor Carleton defeated the American fleet at Crown Point.
December 26: Hospital General, Montreal, death, Claire Panis, b-1769, slave, Jacques Lemoine Despins.
1777
(III)-Duncan E. Cameron Metis born before 1777 Quebec brother of (III)-John Dugald Cameron Metis (1777-1857) joined NWC (1790-1821) & HBC (1821-1846); Duncan joined HBC (1840-1845, Columbia Distract, settling in Willamette 1845; John settled Grafton, Ontario with his Indian wife Mary an Ojibwa and together they had at at least four sons and three daughters..
(III)-John Dugald Cameron (1777-1857) born Sorel, Quebec younger brother of
(III)-Duncan Cameron Jr. & of (III)-Ranald Cameron sons of (II)-Duncan
Cameron Sr. (1764-1849), born Scotland came to USA with parents in 1773 to New
York
Joined NWC (1790-1821) a self educated man
A partner in 1813
In 1815 wrote "Peace all over the world
except at R.R." R.R. = Red River
Joined HBC (1821-1846)
Chief factor Columbia District out of Fort George (Astoria) (1821-1824) replaced
in 1824 by John McLoughlin
Settled Grafton, Ontario
Married (formalized) 1833 to à la façon
du pays Ojibwa who was named Mary and they had 4 sons and 3
daughters
(III)-Margaret Cameron Metis
(I)-Jean Fraser a judge married about 1777 (IV)-Marie Claire DeFleury Metis
b-1741 daughter (III)-Joseph DeFleury Metis (1709-1749) and (IV)-Catherine Veron;
(II)-Marie Claire Fraser Metis b-1753 Quebec
Prisque Labelle, Metis, b-1777, died November 4, 1789, Repentguy son Prisque Labelle and (IV)-Marie Marguerite Botquin, Metis.
(V)-Antoine Robert Metis b-1747 son (IV)-Antoine Robert Metis b-1713 and
(II)-Marie Louise Becquemont b-1727: married about 1777 (IV)-Therese Drouillard
b-1758
(VI)-Agnes Robert Metis b-1778 Detroit married 1793 Joseph
Bissonnet
General Hospital, Montreal death Marie Joseph Saint Luc La Corne (1747-1777) age 30, slave of M. Saint Luc La Corne .
The displaced Loyalists, with a price on their heads, form the British guerrilla militia known as the Royal Yorkers, Jessup's Loyal Americans and Butler's Rangers. They use the Indian style of hit and run warfare. The Connecticut prisons are among the worst for their lack of humane treatment.
January 13: Pte auc Trembles, birth (III)-Catherine Deserre, Metis daughter (III)-Jean Baptiste Deserre (1710-1756) and (III)-Marie Catherine Deserre, Metis (1713-1766);
February 3: Batiscan marriage (IV)-Benoni Marchand b-1754 to (III)-Marthe
Chaddonnet Metis b-1764 daughter (II)-Charles Chandonne Metis b-1718 and Cecile
Gaudin.
(V)-Francois Xavier Marchand Metis b-1794 Batiscan.
February 5: Chateau Richer marriage (V)-Louis Cote Metis b-1755 son (IV)-Yves
Cote b-1728 and (IV)-Marie Madeleine Quentin Metis b-1733; married (V)-Marie
Madeleine Cloutier
(VI)-Louis Cote Metis b-1778 Chateau Richer
June 24: Hospital General, Montreal, death, Marie Joseph Panis, b-1747, slave, St. Luc Lacorne (Lacorne).
June 30: John Burgoyne's (1722-1792) Army of 8,000 marched on Fort Ticonderoga, forcing the Americans to flee.
July 6: I'lle Dupas, birth (IV)-Philippit Farly, Metis, died August 30, 1777, I'lle Dupas, son (III)-Alberta Farly, Metis, b-1741 and (IV)-Marie Joseph Latour, b1750.
July 12: In Montreal the Orangemen paraded to honor King William of Orange's victory over the Catholic King James II in 1690. An Orangeman Thomas Hackett age 20 pulled a gun and was shot through the head and throat.
July 16: In Montreal, 1,200 Ontario Orangemen poured into Montreal for the funeral of Thomas Hackett. The Grand Master of the Orangemen proclaimed "We have come to protect the Orangemen of Montreal on this occasion and woe betide this city if we have to come again."
July 21: Kamouraska, Quebec, marriage, Francois Janot 1st to Genevieve 2nd to (III)-Marie Agathe Gueret b-1745.
July 30: Montreal, birth (III)-Marie Louise Guy, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Guy (1738-1812) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Hervieux, Metis (1743-1785).
August 5: Lachenaye, birth (V)-Gabriel Forget, Metis, died November 23, 1787 Ste Anne des Plaines son (IV)-Gabriel Forget (1741-1821) and (IV)-Therese Tessier Metis, b-1737.
August 6: St. Leger besieged Oswego and Fort Stanwix and defeated the Americans at Oriskany.
September: John Butler (1725-1796) is commissioned to raise a corps of provincial rangers called Butler's Rangers.
November 10: St. Cuthbert, marriage, Alexis Houde dit Houle, b-1757, son Joseph Houde; married (V)-Marie Louise Prevost, Metis, b-February 28, 1752 Lavaltre daughter (IV)-Pierre Prevost, b-1723 and (III)-Marie Lesiege, b-1726.
November 10: Chateau Richer marriage (IV)-Louis Michel b-1754 to (V)-Marie
Elisabeth Gagnon Metis b-1751 daughter (IV)-Boniface Gagnon (1720-1753) to
(IV)-Marie Madeleine Quentin Metis b-1733
(V)-Louis Barthelemi Metis b-1778 Chateau Richer
1778
General Hospital, Montreal, death Joseph Bernard (1764-1778) age 14, slave of M. Bernard (English).
General Hospital, Montreal, death Marie Joseph Adhemar (1770-1778) age 8, slave of M. (III)-Jean Baptiste Adhemar b-1736.
Joseph Arcan Sr. b-1778 from Cap Sante, Quebec joined NWC (1818-1821) likely
posted Red River, HBC (1821-1831) Red River, York, Swan River, Island Lake,
retired Red River White Horse Plain, married Indian or Metis girl, both sons
born White Horse Plain, Red River.
Joseph Arcan Metis Jr. b-1830 HBC (1855-1859) Lac La Pluie,
& Saskatchewan, retired Red River, married Lusate McKay
Jean Baptiste Arcan Metis b-1844 HBC (1864-1866) Saskatchewan
& Athabasca, retired Red River married Nancy McKay
Fur trading licenses are issued in Montreal to (I)-Thomas McMurray Sr. d-1795 and his son (II)-Samuel McMurray, Metis, d-1795. Thomas Sr. was an early trader out of Michillimackinac.
Marie Mius, Metis, b-1778, Acadia, daughter Charles Amand Mius, Metis, b-1752, Acadia and Marie Josephte Mius, Metis; married Anselme Hatfeild.
Joseph
Morin married about 1778 (IV)-Marie Louise Pinard dit Lauziere Metis b-1760
daughter (III)-Louise Hyacinthe Pinard Metis b-1735 and Marguerite Lupie
(V)-Louise Morin Metis married 1795 Nicloet (II)-Joseph
Poirier an Acadian
(V)-Marie Morin Metis married 1795 Nicloet Charles Marie
(IV)-Jean
Baptiste Riou et Riaux Metis b-1754 son (III)-Etienne Riou Metis b-1726 and
(IV)-Veronique Lepage b-1730; married about 1778 (VI)-Madeleine Cote b-1758
(V)-Therese Riou Metis married 1799 Trois Pistoles
(IV)-Joseph Riou
(V)-Modeste Riou Metis (1780-1786) Trois Pistoles
(V)-Ignace Riou Metis b-1782 bapt 1783 I'IIe Verte
(V)-Germain Riou Metis b-1784 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Euphrosine Riou Metis b-1785 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Marie Rosalie Riou Metis b-1790 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Vital Isaac Riou Metis b-1792 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Eloi Riou Metis b-1793 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Celestin Riou Metis b-1795 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Modeste Riou Metis (1796-1796) Trois Pistoles
(V)-Etienne Isaie Riou Metis b-1798 Trois Pistoles
(II)-Jean
Volant Metis son (I)-Francois Volant b-1752and (IV)-Claire Michelle Jolliet
Metis b-1721; married 1778 Marie Joseph Hamel (1755-1779) Quebec
(III)-Anonyme Violant Metis (1779-1779)
The newspaper, The Gazette, is started in Montreal, Quebec.
The Superior Court of Quebec annulled a by-election wherein two cures had threatened to withhold the sacraments from Catholics who voted for Liberals. Rome would support this decision but still spoke out against liberalism in the Church.
January 26: Terrebonne, marriage (III)-Antoine Gauvreau, Metis born
April 3, 1757 Longue Pointe son (II)-Joseph Gauvreau noye a L'Le Perrot
(1726-1763) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Tessier, Metis, b-1730: (IV)-Marie
Marguerite Goulet, Metis b-1756 daughter (V)-Jean Baptiste Goulet Metis
b-1728 and (IV)-Angelique Coutre b-1728
(IV)-Antoine Gauvreau Metis b-1784 Lachenaye
February 24: Ste Foye marriage (IV)-Louis Dery b-1754 to (V)-Marie Madeleine
Langlois Metis daughter (IV)-Michel Francois Langlois Metis (1726-1778) and
(IV)-Felicite Hamel (1724-1775);
(V)-Marie Louise Dery Metis (1779-1781) Ste Foye
(V)-Louis Dery Metis (1780-1780) Ste Foye
(V)-Jean Baptiste Dery Metis (1788-1788) Ste Foye
March 2: Grondines marriage (IV)-Joseph DeChavigny Metis b-1751 son
(III)-Francois DeChavigny Metis (1704-1754) and (IV)-Marie Francoise Trotier De
la Bissonniere (1708-1759); married (V)-Flavie Rivard b-1758
(V)-Marie Flavie DeChavigny Metis b-1784 Deschambault
(V)-Marie Elisabeth DeChavigny Metis (1785-1786) Deschambault
(V)-Marie Joseph DeChavigny Metis b-1787 Deschambault
(V)-Joseph DeChavigny Metis (1788-1788) Deschambault
(V)-Louis Francois DeChavigny Metis b-1789 Deschambault
(V)-Marie Angelique DeChavigny Metis (1791-1791) Deschambault
(V)-Joseph DeChavigny Metis b-1792 Deschambault
(V)-Scholastique et Marguerite DeChavigny Metis (1793-1793)
Deschambault
(V)-Ambroise DeChavigny Metis d-1834 Quebec married 1814
Quebec Sophie Lheraux dit Lheureaux
March 3: Hospital General, Montreal, death, Joseph Panis, b-1764,
slave, Bernard an Englishman.
May 21: St. Cuthbert, birth (V)-Joseph Prevost, Metis, son (IV)-Pierre Prevost, Metis, b-1723 and (III)-Marie Lesiege, b-1726
June 28: Lachenaye, birth/death (II)-Angelique Maillou, Metis, son (I)-Pierre Maillou dit Larose (1779) and (IV)-Marie Rose Beauchamp, Metis b-1746.
June 30: Kamouraska marriage (II)-Pierre Landry Metis son (I)-Alexis Landry a Acadian Metis ? and Marie Anne Turgeon an Acadienne; married (II)-Theotiste Laisne b-1757
July 3: In Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania some English Loyalists joined forces with the Indians and massacred two hundred rebels. The English American homes, barns and crops are put to the torch. Loyalist and Rebel families make war on each other. Previous savagery is met with new savagery. The Loyalists would later blame the savage acts on the Indians.
July 12: Montreal, the Parliament passed the Crimes of Violence Prevention Act, forbidding the carrying of dangerous weapons. Montreal police arrested several Orangemen leaders for violation of the Act and kept the rank and file pinned down in the Orange Hall.
July 13: Chateau Richer, marriage (IV)-Augustin Gagnon, Metis, born January 15, 1752, St. Joachim son (III)-Jean Baptiste Gagnon, b-1698 and Cecile Kaorate, Sauvagese; married (VI)-Marie Judith Gosselin.
July 27: Longue Pointe, marriage (V)-Antoine Trudel b-1753 Longue Pointe to (IV)- Marie Loriot Metis, daughter (III)-Michel Loriot b-1729 and (IV)-Marie Anne Trudel, Metis b-1725
August 30: Hospital General, Montreal, death, Marie Joseph Panis, b-1770, slave, Jean Baptiste Adhemar.
September 15: Quebec marriage (IV)-Louis Marchand Metis b-1757 son
(III)-Nicolas Marchand Metis (1712-1759) and (II)-Genevieve Defoy (1730-1763);
married (III)-Francoise Roussel b-1747
(V)-Louis Charles Marchand Metis (1779-1779) Quebec
(V)-Francoise Marchand Metis (1782-1782) Ste Foye
October 5: Longue Pointe, marriage
(IV)-Francois Truteau, Metis son (III)-Pierre Joseph Truteau (1722-1773) and
(III)-Marie Joseph Baudreau Graveline, Metis: married (V)-Elisabeth Pepin,
b-1755
October 12: St Joseph Beauce marriage (V)-Etienne Nadeau Metis b-1755 son
(IV)-Francois Etienne b-1727 and (III)-Marie Genevieve Martineau Metis b-1732;
married (IV)-Marguerite Lambert b-1757
(VI)-Marie Marguerite Nadeau Metis b-1779
October 15: St. Cuthbert, birth Marie Archange Houde, Metis, daughter Alexis Houde dit Houle , b-1757 and (V)-Marie Louise Prevost, Metis, b-1752.
November 6: Ste Anne de la Perade, birth (V)-Marie Joseph Baril, Metis, died March 21, 1780 Ste Anne de la Perade, son (IV)-Jean Baptiste Baril and (IV)-Marie Joseph Morand, Metis
November
16; Ste Foye marriage (V)-Michel Langlois Metis b-1751 son (IV)-Michel Langlois
Metis (1727-1776) and (IV)-Marie Samson (1730-1760); married (IV)-Ursule Routier
b-1754
(VI)-Marguerite Langlois Metis b-1781 d-1788 Ste Foye
(VI)-Archange Langlois Metis b-1787 Ste Foye
(VI)-Louise Langlois Metis b-1789 Ste Foye
1779
The North West Company (NWC) was officially formed this year after being discussed since 1770. Some suggest it really wasn't firmly established until 1783/1784 as a long term entity.
(III)-Louis Eustache Chantal Metis b-1739 son (II)-Jean Francois
Chantal (1707-1755) and (III)-Marie Jeanne Dubeau Metis b-1710; married
(VI)-Marie Madeleine Tardif b-1741
(IV)-Marie Anne Chantal Metis b-1780 St Augustin
(IV)-Francois Chantal Metis b-1782 St Augustin
(IV)-Francois Chantal Metis (1783-1784) St Augustin
(IV)-Elisabeth Chantal Metis b-1784 St Augustin
(IV)-Etienne Chantal Metis b-1785 St Augustin
(IV)-Jean Baptiste Chantal Metis b-1788 St Augustin
(IV)-Michel Chantal Metis b-1790 St Augustin
(V)-Louis Cote
Metis b-1757 son (IV)-Gabriel Cote Metis b-1719 and (IV)-Cecile Lepage b-1720;
married about 1779 (II)-Marie Canuel
(VI)-Hyacinthe Cote Metis 1st married 1801 Rimouski Marie
Gasse; 2nd marriage not recorded
(VI)-Marie Therese Cote Metis married 1803 Rimouski Francois
Pineau
(II)-Alexander MacKenzie
(1763-1820) son (I)-Kenneth MacKenzie of New York joined NWC 1779-1812) married
3 wives:
Marie an Inuit girl
(III)-Julie MacKenzie Metis b-1789 who married Pierre Coignat
(Carignan) dit
Trouch Leveille (1783-1876) settled 1817 Red River
Unnamed Indian or Metis girl(s)
(III)-Roderick MacKenzie Metis (1772-1859)
(III)-Andrew MacKenzie Metis b-1788/1793, d-1809 Fort
Vermillion
(III)-James MacKenzie Metis in Athabasca 1799/1800
(IV)-Louis Roberge b-1748 marriage about 1779 to (IV)-Helene Blouin Metis b-1761
daughter (III)-Francois Blouin and (IV)-Helene Leclerc Metis b-1735
(V)-Marie Louise et Marie Helene Roberge Metis b-1780 St
Augustin
(V)-Louis Roberge Metis b-1782 St Augustin
(V)-Joseph Roberge Metis b-1783 St Augustin
(V)-Marguerite Roberge Metis b-1785 St Augustin
(V)-Marie Louise Roberge Metis b-1786 St Augustin
(V)-Genevieve Roberge Metis b-1788 St Augustin
(V)-Therese Roberge Metis b-1789 St Augustin
(V)-Jean Baptiste Roberge Metis b-1791 St Augustin
(V)-Elisabeth Roberge Metis b-1792 St Augustin
(V)-Brigitte Roberge Metis b-1794 St Augustin
(V)-Francois Xavier Roberge Metis b-1795 St Augustin
January 14: I'lle Dupas, birth (IV)-Pierre Albert Farly, Metis, son
(III)-Alberta Farly, Metis, b-1741 and (IV)-Marie Joseph Latour, b1750.
February
9: Ste Foye marriage (III)-Louis Gabriel Routier b-1726
1st married 1758 Ste Foye (IV)-Marie Angelique Hamel b-1736
2nd married 1779 Ste Foye (IV)-Genevieve Guerard Metis b-1748 daughter
(III)-Joseph Guerard (1714-1773) and (IV)-Marie Genevieve Langlois Metis
(1720-1788)
(IV)-Marie Genevieve Routier Metis (1780-1780) Ste Foye
(IV)-Marie Angelique Routier Metis b-1781 Ste Foye
(IV)-Francois Routier Metis b-1787 Ste Foye
March 9: Longue Pointe, birth (III)-Marie Joseph Guy, Metis, died September 7, 1779 Longue Pointe, daughter (II)-Pierre Guy (1738-1812) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Hervieux, Metis (1743-1785).
March 19: Riviere Ouelle, birth (III)-Joseph Denis son (II)-Pierre Denis dit Quimper b-1740 and (IV)-Genevieve Michaud Metis born October 21, 1742 Kamouraska
June 17: Francis McLean, with 650 men, established Fort Castine (Maine) to provide refuge for loyalists and to block an attack on Nova Scotia from New England.
July 9: Lachenaye, birth (II)-Antoine Maillou, Metis, son (I)-Pierre Maillou dit Larose (1779) and (IV)-Marie Rose Beauchamp, Metis b-1746.
July 25: Fort Castine is under attack by the American rebels.
July
26: Berthier marriage (IV)-Louis Marie Fortier b-1754 to (IV)-Marie Marguerite
Boucher Metis b-1762 daughter (III)-Joseph Boucher b-1713 and (IV)-Marie Anne
Picard dit Destroismaisons Metis
(V)-Louis Fortier Metis (1781-1781) Berthier
(V)-Marie Marguerite Fortier Metis b-1782 Berthier
(V)-Genevieve Fortier Metis b-1795 Berthier
July 26: Berthier marriage (II)-Jacques Quirouet b-1754 to (IV)-Marie
Angelique Boucher Metis b-1756 daughter (III)-Joseph Boucher b-1713 and
(IV)-Marie Anne Picard dit Destroismaisons Metis
(III)-Jacques Quirouet Metis b-1781 Berthier
(III)-Jean Frederic Quirouet Metis b-1795 Berthier
August 14: George Collier (1738-1795) came to the relief of Fort Castine, destroying the American ships.
August 16: Trois Pistoles married
(IV)-Antoine Michaud to (III)-Marie Angelique Lablond Metis b-1757 daughter
(IV)-Nicolas Leblond Metis (1731-1800) and Angelique Valentin b-1735
(V)-Antoine Michaud Metis (1780-1780) I'IIe Verte
(V)-Benjamine Michaud Metis b-1782 bpt-1783 I'IIe Verte
(V)-Francois Michaud Metis b-1783 I'IIe Verte
(V)-Louis Paschal Michaud Metis b-1786 I'IIe Verte
(V)-Etienne Michaud Metis b-1788 I'IIe Verte
(V)-Joseph Michaud Metis b-1790 I'IIe Verte
(V)-Marie Marguerite Michaud Metis b-1792 I'IIe Verte
(V)-Ange Michaud Metis b-1799 I'IIe Verte
December 19/24: Ste Anne des Plaines, birth/death (V)-Angelique Forget, Metis daughter (IV)-Gabriel Forget (1741-1821) and (IV)-Therese Tessier Metis, b-1737.
December 19/22: Terrebonne, birth/death (V)-Anonyme Forget, Metis child (IV)-Gabriel Forget (1741-1821) and (IV)-Therese Tessier Metis, b-1737.
December 19/22: Terrebonne, birth/death (V)-Anonyme Forget, Metis child (IV)-Gabriel Forget (1741-1821) and (IV)-Therese Tessier Metis, b-1737.
1780
The number of illegitimate (enfant du Roi) births recorded in Quebec from 1771 to 1780, was 407, legitimes are 56,049
A disease called Mal de la Baie St. Paul ravaged rural Quebec.
(IV)-Pierre DeFoy Metis son (III)-Pierre DeFoy (1727-1790) and
(III)-Francoise Lalande Metis b-1733 married about 1780 to Marie Therese Gilbert
(V)-Pierre DeFoy Metis b-1781 St Augustin
(V)-francoise DeFoy Metis b-1783 St Augustin
(V)-Pelagie DeFoy Metis b-1784 St Augustin
(V)-Joseph DeFoy Metis b-1785 St Augustin
(V)-Marguerite DeFoy Metis b-1787 St Augustin
(V)-Marie Charlotte DeFoy Metis b-1789 St Augustin
Marie Anne Gaboury was born August 16, 1780 in St. Joseph
de Maskinonge, Quebec which is west of Trois-Rivieres on the St Lawrence River, and died December 14, 1875 in St. Boniface,
Manitoba. Some claim her parents were (III)-Charles Gaboury b-1718 and
Marie Anne Tessier daughter Pierre Tessier and Marie Catherine Vermette (Vermet).
They also claim (III)-Charles Gaboury b-1718 is son (III)-Jean Baptiste Gaboury
(1710-1785) but both claims are false. I suspect Marie Anne Gaboury
(1780-1875) was Metis.
Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere (1778-1855) likely also a Metis son John Baptist
Lagimodiere and Josephte Beauregard
1st married Josrphte Indian and had 3 daughters who he abandoned
Marie Antoinette Rose Lagimodiere Metis b-1801 Red River/Pembina
Elisabeth Lagimodiere Metis b-1803 Red River/Pembina
LeReine Lagimodiere Metis b-1807 Red River/Pembina
2nd marriage Marie Anne Gaboury (1780-1875) Metis?
Reine Laginodiere Metis? b-1807 Red River/Pembina
Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere Metis
Marie Josette (Cypress) Lagimodiere Metis? b-1810 Cypress
Hills, bapt 1818
Benjamin Lagimodiere Metis? b-1811
Apolline (Pauline)Lagimodiere Metis? b-1813
(V)-Alexis
Gosselin Metis b-1755 son (IV)-Pierre Augustin Gosselin Metis b-1726 and
(II)-Marie Louise Lecpmpte (1726-1756); married 1780 likely Lachenaye (V)-Marie
Joseph Forget b-1757
(VI)-Marie Joseph Gosselin Metis (1781-1781) Lachenaye
(VI)-Joseph Marie Gosselin Metis b-1788 Lachenaye
(VI)-Marie Joseph Gosselin Metis b-1789 Lachenaye
(V)-Pierre Lepage Dit St. Barnabe Metis b-1751 son (IV)-Pierre Lepage b-1724 and
(III)-Veronique Rioux Metis b-1731; married about 1780 Genevieve Dion
(VI)-Pierre Lepage Metis b-1781 Rimouski married 1811
Rimouski (III)-Anges Ruset b-1789
(VI)-Gervais Lepage Metis b-1784 Rimouski
(VI)-Evode Lepage Metis b-1787 Rimouski married 1812 Rimouski
Angelique Levasseur
(VI)-Eucher Lepage Metis married 1811 Rimouski (V)-Agnas Cote
b-1793
(VI)-Agathe Lepage Metis b-1790 Rimouski married 1809
Rimouski (III)-Hubert Ruset
(VI)-Elisabeth Lepage Metis b-1791 Rimouski
(VI)-Paul Lepage Metis b-1794 Rimouski
(VI)-Marie Genevieve Lepage Metis b-1796 Rimouski
Andre
Viger married about 1780 (III)-Marie Anne Daguille Metis b-1752 daughter
(II)-Jean Baptiste Dagueil (1712-1787) and (IV)-Marie Anne Lemoine dit
DeMartigny Metis
Marie Louise Viger Metis b-1781 Lachenaye
Denis Viger Metis b-1788 Lachenaya
Louis
Villebrune, b-1780, Lower Canada married Marie Anne Zhezhegweweg Ojibwa, nation
of Collets.
March 20: Montreal, birth (III)-Joseph Ignace Guy, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Guy (1738-1812) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Hervieux, Metis (1743-1785).
July 3:
Beaumont marriage (IV)-Charles Begin to (V)-Marie Joseph Lacasse et Casse Metis
b-1750 daughter (IV)-Antoine Casse Metis (1721-1810)
(V)-Marie Anne Begin (1789-1790) Beaumont
July 13: I'lle Dupas, death (IV)-Joseph Farly, Metis, son (III)-Alberta Farly, Metis, b-1741 and (IV)-Marie Joseph Latour, b1750.
September 3: Lachenaye, birth (II)-Marie Charlotte Maillou, Metis, daughter (I)-Pierre Maillou dit Larose (1779) and (IV)-Marie Rose Beauchamp, Metis b-1746.
October 23: St Laurent marriage (V)-Etienne Reaume b-1755 to Marguerite Noel
Metis b-1760 daughter (IV)-Louis Noel Metis b-1738 and (IV)-Marguerite Paradis
b-1738
(VI)-Clement Reaume Metis married 1809 St Charles (VII)-Marie
Louise Mercier
October 27: Sorel, marriage (III)-Pierre Lefebvre, Metis, son (II)-Pierre Lamy (1668-1757) and Catherine Badaillac; married (II)-Marie Elisabeth Colette, b-1729
November 13: Kamouraska marriage (V)-Augustin
Choret Metis b-1762 son (IV)-Jean Baptiste Choret Metis and (III)-Marie Anne
Gauvin (1728-1780); married (IV)-Marie Joseph Sirois b-1755
(VI)-Marie Choret Metis married 1803 Rimouski Laughlin Ross
(VI)-Augustin Choret Metis married 1808 Rimouski Elisabeth
Bouillon
(VI)-Rosalie Choret Metis 1st married 1808 Rimouski Theodore
Bouillon; 2nd married 1811 Rinouski Gilbert Ruset
(VI)-Marie Joseph Choret Metis married 1810 Rimouski Augustin
Phiola
(VI)-Andre Choret Metis married 1813 Rimouski Marie Joseph
Ross
(VI)-Basilice Choret Metis married 1813 Martin Beriau
1781
General Hospital, Montreal, death Marie Adhemar (1763-1781) age 18, slave of M.A. Adhemar.
(II)-John Clarke, was born in Montreal, Canada, in 1781, died 1852 Montreal,
the son of (I)-Simon Clarke England a fur trader (1806) and Ann Waldorf: married
first Josephte Kankopitsa and had a daughter
(III)-Josephte Clarke Boucher Metis (1818-1879) who married
(I)-John McKay (1810-1888) whom he abandoned
second marriage, to a Metis named Sapphira Spence, who died shortly afterwards;
third marriage, in 1821, to Marian Tranclar, of Neufchatel, Switzerland, by whom he had four sons and four daughters.
(VI)-Nicolas Mius, Metis, b-1783, son (V)-Paul Mius, Metis, b-1751 Port Royal, Acadia and Marie Leblanc;
Illegitimate (enfant du Roi) births in Quebec are recorded as being 413 between 1781 to 1790.
January 8: Terrebonne, marriage, (IV)-Joseph Mercan, et Mercin, b-1755, son (III)-Joseph Mercan (1732-1780) and (III)-Marie Anne Quevillon, b-1728: married (IV)-Marie Therese Rouillard, Metis, daughter (III)-Jean Baptiste Rouillard, b-1734 and (IV)-Marie Madeleine Tessier, Metis, b-1728
January 9: St Jean Port Joli
marriage (VI)-Chrysostome Cloutier Metis b-1757 son (IV)-Guillaume Cloutier
(1683-1731) and (IV)-Marie Anne Pelletier Metis b-1692; married (II)-Marie
Francoise Aubut (1758-1806)
(VII)-Marie Constance Cloutier Metis married 1806 I'Islet
Simon Alexander Keroac
January 23; Quebec marriage (III)-Pierre Vocelle dit Poitevin b-1756 to (III)-Francoise Renaud, Metis daughter (II)-Jean Charles Renault De Chaterneau Chatellereau (1721-1779) and (IV)-Marie Louise Leroux, Metis, (1729-1783); veuve October 27, 1794. Quebec, Marie Louise Boureau,
February 26: Terrebonne, marriage (III)-Francois Gauvreau, Metis son (II)-Joseph Gauvreau noye a L'Le Perrot (1726-1763) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Tessier, Metis, b-1730: married (IV)-Marie Louise Forgot, b-1762 daughter (IV)-Francois Forget, born September 20, 1784 Lachenaye.
May 1: Hospital General, Montreal, death, Marie Panis, b-1763, slave, M.A. Adhemar.
July 16: Terrebonne, birth, (V)-Pierre Forget, Metis son (IV)-Gabriel Forget (1741-1821) and (IV)-Therese Tessier Metis, b-1737: first married Marie Forest; second marriage August 19, 1850, Ste Anne des Plaines, Felicite Latour.
July 23: Terrebonne, marriage (IV)-Jean Truchon, b-1761 to (III)-Archange Gauvreau, Metis, born July 8, 1762 Longue Pointe, daughter (II)-Joseph Gauvreau noye a L'Le Perrot (1726-1763) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Tessier, Metis, b-1730:
August 2: Ste Foye, birth (IV)-Francois Regis Derome, Metis son (IV)-Louis Derome (1744-1781) and (IV)-Marie Elisabeth LeMarie, Metis b-1742.
August 3: St. Augustin, birth Jean Baptiste Favron, Metis son Jean Baptiste Favon and (IV)-Marie Joseph Francoise Morin, Metis born October 12, 1758 St. Augustin daughter (III)-Joseph Morin b-1728 and (V))-Marie Abgelique Letarte, b-1732
August 13: Lachenaye, marriage (III)-Etienne Contant (1732-1781) to (V)-Marie Joseph Hubou, Metis daughter (IV)-Jerome Hubou, Metis b-1728 and (IV)-Catherine Brunet b-1733.
August 13: Montreal marriage (II)-Pierre Louis Panet Metis b-1761 son
(I)-Pierre Panet and (IV)-Marie Anne Treffle dit Rottot; married (IV)-Marie Anne
Serre b-1765
(III)-Pierre Gabriel Panet Metis b-1783 Quebec
September 12: St. Cuthbert, birth Pierre Houde, Metis, son Alexis Houde dit Houle , b-1757 and (V)-Marie Louise Prevost, Metis, b-1752.
November 26: Lachenaye, marriage Francois Baret to (V)-Marie Marguerite Hubou, Metis daughter (IV)-Charles Hubou, Metis b-1731 and (II)-Marguerite Dufour dit Latour b-1739.
1782
(II)-Jean Baptiste Bigeot dit Nantais, Metis b-1759 likely Montreal, son (I)-Jean Baptiste Prudhomme, b-1733 and (II)-Marguerite Bigeot, Metis, b-1739; married 1st 1782 (II)-Marie Dellard, b-1756; 2nd marriage February 21, 1791, Detroit, (IV)-Archange de Marsac, b-1744.
Guy Carleton (1724-1808) is Commander in Chief at New York. Here refused to leave until the English American Loyalists had been sent to safety, and he urged a friendly reception in Quebec and Nova Scotia.
(IV)-Jean Larrive Metis
b-1747 son (III)-Jean Baptiste Larrive (1710-1791) and (III)-Marguerite Lis et
Elays dit Fourdeau Metis (1720-1791); married about 1782 Genevieve Rioux
(V)-Scholastique Larrive Metis b-1783 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Marie Genevieve Larrive Metis b-1784 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Michel Larrive Metis b-1787 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Francois Larrive Metis b-1788 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Marie Suzanne Larrive Metis b-1791 Trois Pistoles
(IV)-Francois Regis
Lepage De la Faussais Metis b-1752 son (III)-Nicolas Domiq Lepage b-1713 and
(III)-Madeleine Rioux Metis (1721-1797); married Marie Joseph Metayer
(V)-Benjamin Benoni Lepage Metis b-1783 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Justine Lepage Metis b-1791 Trois Pistoles
(V)-Charles Lepage Metis b-1753 son (IV)-Pierre Lepage b-1724 and
(III)-Veronique Rioux Metis b-1731; married about 1782 Marie Anne Dion
(VI)-Anne Leocadie Lepage Metis b-1783 Rimouski married 1803
Rimouski (IV)_Jean Baptiste Leveque
(VI)-Mectilde Lepage Metis b-1783 Rimouski married 1802
Rimouski (IV)-Isaac Gasse b-1778
(VI)-Charles Lepage Metis 1st married 1809 Rimouski
(VI)-Louis Cote b-1792; 2nd marriage 1811 Rimouski (II)-Marguerite Heppell
b-1796
(VI)-Basilisse Lepage Metis married 1805 Rimouski (IV)-Michel
Leveque
(VI)-Macaire Lepage Metis b&bapt-1788 Rimouski married
1808 Rimouski (VI)-Cordule Cote
(VI)-Marguerite Lepage Metis b-1790 Rimouski married 1812
Rimouski Magloire Levasseur
(VI)-Robert Lepage Metis (1792-1793) Rimouski
(VI)-Maxelande Lepage Metis b-1793 Rimouski
(VI)-Honorot Lepage Metis b-1795 Rimouski
(VI)-Eloi Lepage Metis b-1796 Rimouski
(I)-Thomas McMurray Sr. d-1795 entered into partnership with his son
(II)-Samuel McMurry, Metis, d-1795, as Merchants and Partners in Trade out of
Montreal. They both died in the early part of the year 1795, at the same
time as his son.
(V)-Guillaune Quentin Metis son (IV)-Nicolas Quentin Metis
b-1717 and (IV)-Genevieve Cote b-1721; married about 1782 Madeleine Bourbeau
(VI)-Scholastique Quentin Metis (1783-1784) St Augustin
(VI)-Guillaume Quentin Metis b-1785 St Augustin
General Hospital, death Charlotte Vien (1742-1782) age 40, slave of Mr. Jean Vien.
(II)-Jean Volant Metis b-1751 son (I)-Francois Volant and (IV)-Claire
Michelle Jolliet Metis b-1721; married about 1782 Therese Derosier
(III)-Marie Therese Volant Metis b-1783 Rimouski
(III)-Jean Evariste Volant Metis b-1784 married 1805 Rimouski
(III)-Simon Volant Metis b-1790 Rimouski, married 1813
Rimouski Rose Gagne
(III)-Marie Genevieve Volant Metis b-1792 Rimouski, married
1810 Rimouski Barthelemi Gagne
(III)-Joseph Volant Metis b-1795 Rimouski
January 19: Lachenaye, birth (V)-Marie Therese Mercan, Metis, daughter
(IV)-Joseph Mercan et Mercin, b-1755, and (IV)-Marie Therese Rouillard,
Metis.
January 28: Ste Foye marriage (IV)-Joseph Guerard Metis b-1755 son
(III)-Joseph Guerard (1714-1773) and (IV)-Marie Genevieve Langlois Metis
(1720-1788); married (IV)-Marie Angelique Belleau b-1760
(V)-Joseph Guerard Metis b-1784 d-1786 Ste Foye
(V)-Joseph et Francois Guerard Metis b-1786 Ste Foye
February 21: Lachenaye, birth (V)-Marie Louise Guerin, Metis, daughter (IV)-Toussaint Guerin born September 7, 1747 and (III)-Marie Joseph Gauvreau, b-1751.
March 13: Repentigny, birth (V)-Marie Therese Gamache Metis daughter (IV)-Antoine Gamache b-1738 and (IV)-Marie Anne Loriot Metis b-1752 daughter (III)-Michel Loriot b-1729 and (IV)-Marie Anne Trudel Metis b-1725.
March 14: Hospital General, Montreal, death, Charlotte Panis, b-1742, slave, Jean Vienne.
May: The HMS Blonde a British ship struck a rock near Blonde Rock south of Seal Island, near Cape Sable, N.S. Others say near Nantucket.
August 11: Terrebonne, marriage (V)-Therese Forget, Metis daughter (IV)-Gabriel Forget (1741-1821) and (IV)-Therese Tessier Metis, b-1737: married Augustin Alary
August 19: St Augustin married (V)-Nicolas Julien Metis b-1754 son (IV)-Nicolais
(1719-1787) and (IV)-Angelique Quentin et Cantin Metis b-1727; married (IV)-Francoise
Gingras b-1761
(VI)-Marie Julien Metis b-1784 St Augustin
(VI)-Marie Joseph Julien Metis b-1786 St Augustin
(VI)-Anjelique Julien Metis b-1788 St Augustin
(VI)-Nicolas Julien Metis b-1789 St Augustin
(VI)-Louis Julien Metis b-1791 St Augustin
(VI)-Marie Julien Metis b-1793 St Augustin
(VI)-Jean Baptiste Julien Metis b-1794 St Augustin
September
29: Repentigny marriage (II)-Joseph Vignola Metis son (I)-Joseph Phiala Vignola
b-1756 a German and (VI)-Genevieve Guyon dit Despres Metis b-1759 daughter
(V)-Jean Baptiste Guyon Metis b-1733 and Genevieve Morisset b-1735
(II)-Joseph David Vignola Metis b-1784 Repentigny
(II)-Jean Baptiste Vignola Metis b-1790 Repentigny
(II)-Barnabe Vignola Metis b-1793 Repentigny
(II)-Guillaume Vignola Metis b-1794 Repentigny
(II)-Marguerite Vignola Metis b-1795 Repentigny
(II)-Basilisse Vignola Metis married 1807 Repentigny Joseph
Lepage
(II)-Augustin Vignola Metis married 1810 Repentigny Marie
Joseph Choret
November 18: Cap St Ignace marriage (III)-Simon Alexandre LeBrice Metis
(1760-1823) son (II)-Alexander LeBrice dit Keroac (1735-1812) and (IV)-Marie
Elizabeth Chalifour Metis b-1739;
1st married (VI)-Marie Ursule Guimont b-1765
(IV)-Simon Alexandre Metis (1783-1871) married 1806 Islet
Marie Constance Cloutier
2nd marriage Marie Genevieve Lore
November 21: Montreal, birth (III)-Marie Joseph Guy, Metis, daughter (II)-Pierre Guy (1738-1812) and (IV)-Marie Joseph Hervieux, Metis (1743-1785).
1783
(I)- Pierre Coignat dit
Trouch Leveille (1783-1876) born Baile St. Paul, Quebec, settled 1817 Red River
and married (III)-Julie MacKenzie Metis b-1789 daughter (II)-Alexander MacKenzie
(1763-1820) son (I)-Kenneth MacKenzie of New York joined NWC 1779-1812) and
Marie an Inuit girl
(II)-John Jphnson Leveille Metis (1852-1909)
(II)-Poerre Leveille Jr. Metis (1829-1884) married Geneviere
Fagnant (1834-1841)
(II)-Marie Louis Leveille b-1826
(II)-Louison Leveille b-1828
(II)-Jean Baptiste Leveille b-1838
(II)-Francoisw Leveille b-1839
(II)-Anonyme Leveille b-1841
(II)-Joseph Leveille b-1843
(II)-Nancy Leveille March 4, 1844
(II)-Gabriel Leveille born December 17, 1845
(V)-Jean Baptiste Lamoureux married about 1783 likely Lachenaye (II)-Marie
Angelique Chabot Metis daughter (I)-Nicolas Amant Chabot and (V)-Marie
Louise Miville Metis b-1742
(V)-Jean Baptiste Lamoureux Metis b-1784 Lamoureux
(V)-Marie Amable Lamoureux Metis b-1788 Lamoureux
Joseph Sauvageau married 1783 Deschambault (IV)-Marie Marguerite Arcan b-1763 daughter (III)-Pierre Joseph Arcan b-1726 and (IV)-Marguerite Montambraut b-1744
New York is full of some 70,000 British Loyalists seeking asylum. About 200 British ships are in the New York harbor to assist in the evacuation. About 40,000 Loyalists fled north with most going to Nova Scotia. Saint John, New Brunswick was founded by the United Empire Loyalists. The Loyalists spurned earlier Nova Scotia settlers, calling them Bluenoses. They also spurned the Black settlers who were promised full security, their freedom and land for loyalty to the British. Many had to sell themselves back into slavery to survive. Others, some 1,200, were shipped off to West Africa. The majority, however, toughed it out in Nova Scotia. Many Loyalists spent their first winter in tents.
Butler's Ranger and his men settle in the Niagara peninsula to become farmers.
July
17: Rimouski marriage (III)-Andre Laurent et St Laurent b-1750 to (V)-Rosalie
Lepage Metis daughter (IV)-Antoine Lepage Metis (1736-1770) and (V)-Marie
Cote b-1730
(IV)-Basilisse Laurent Metis b-1784 Rimouski
(IV)-Clotilde Laurent Metis b-1786 Rimouski
(IV)-Pelagie Laurent Metis b-1787 Rimouski married 1810
Rimouski Paul Cote
(IV)-Edouard Laurent Metis b-1789 Rimouski
(IV)-Suzanne Laurent Metis b-1790 Rimouski
(IV)-Joseph Laurent Metis b-1791 Rimouski
(IV)-Andre Laurent Metis (1794-1794) Rimouski
(IV)-Amateur Laurent Metis (1795-1795) Rimouski
(IV)-Basilisse Laurent Metis b-1796 Rimouski
January 21; Berthierville, Quebec marriage (IV)-Jean Baptiste Riel (1757-1792) [Ancestor
of Louis Riel of Red River fame] son (III)-Jean Babtist Riel dit L'Ireland
(1731/33-1788 and (III)-Marie Charlotte Anne Sylvestre (1736-1763); Marie
Antoine Henault dit DeLorme Metis but Tanguay says married Marie Collin.
April
29: St Jean Deschaillons marriage (IV)-Modeste Maillot b-1762
1st married 1783 (IV)-Marguerite Tousignan dit Laponie b-1764
2nd marriage (III)-Agathe Chandonne Metis (1759-1806) daughter (II)-Charles
Chandonne Metis b-1718 and Cecile Gaudin.
(V)-Genevieve Maillot Metis married 1813 St Jean Deschaillons
(V)-Louis Oliver Maillot son (IV)-Eustache Maillot
June 16:
St Cuthbert marriage (IV)-Antoine Marchand Metis son (III)-Jean Francois Metis
b-1724 and Marie Joseph Lambert; married (IV)-Angelique Corriveau b-1760
(V)-Angelique Marchand Metis b-1784 St Cathbert
(V)-Genevieve Marchand Metis b-1787 St Cathbert
(V)-Antoine Marchand Metis b-1788 St Cathbert
(V)-Anonyme Marchand Metis (1791-1791) St Cathbert
(V)-Joseph Marie Marchand Metis (1795-1795) St Cathbert
July 11: Riviere Ouelle, birth (II)-Alexandre Rossignol, Metis son (I)-Julien
Rossignol b-1743 ( who arrived 1765) and (IV)-Marie Catherine Michaud Metis
b-1744
July 15: Lachenaye, birth (V)-Jean Henri Hubou, Metis son (IV)-Charles Hubou, Metis b-1731 and (II)-Marguerite Dufour dit Latour b-1739.
July 22: St Thomas
marriage (V)-Charles Tache Metis (1752-1826) son (IV)-Jean Baptiste Tache
(1697-1768) and (IV)-Marie Anne Jolliet Metis (1714-1776); married
(III)-Genevieve Michron b-1758
(VI)-Jean Baptiste Tache Metis b-1783, d-1849 Kamouraska
(VI)-Charles Tache Metis b-1785, d-1826 Kamouraska, married
1820 Boucherville Louise Henriette Boucher De La Broquerie
(VI)-Genevieve Tache Metis b-1786, d-1813 Kamouraska
(VI)-Etienne Paschal Tache Metis b-1795, Kamouraska d-1865 St
Thomas married 1820 Quebec Sophie BaucheMorency
(VI)-Emilie Tache Metis married 1822 Kamouraska Edouard
Chamberland
(VI)-Marie Claire Tache Metis married 1825 Kamouraska Thomas
Ansbrow
(VI)-Elisabeth Tache Metis d-1830 Kamouraska, married 1829
Kamouraska thomas Casault
July 28: Montreal
marriage (IV)-Pierre Valois Metis b-1761 Montreal son (III)-Jean Baptiste Valois
Metis b-1728 and (III)-Marie Joseph Dubois b-1736; married (IV)-Marie Catherine
Lefebvre dit Lapensee b-1761
(V)-Narcisse Valois Metis b-1786 Point Claire, married 1810
Pointe Claire Agathe Lalonde daughter Joseph Lalonde
(V)-Simon Dominique Valois Metis b-1793 Point Claire, 1st
married 1821 Montreal Emerande Parsille Lachapelle daughter Noel Persille, 2nd
married 1829 Montreal Josephine Emile Milliette Latrimouille daughter Hyacinthe
Milliette
1784
(V)-Louis LePele dit Lahaye Metis b-1762 son (IV)-Francois Stanislas LePele
(1705-1783) and (III)-Claire Leclerc Metis, married about 1784 (IV)-Marie Louise
Charest Metis b-1754 daughter (III)-Etienne Charest Metis b-1717 and
(V)-Catherine Trotier dit Desaulniers b-1727
(VI)-Marie Marguerite LePele Metis b-1785 Batiscan
(VI)-Louis LePele Metis b-1787 Batiscan
(VI)-Pierre et Joseph LePele Metis b-1789 Batiscan
(VI)-Angelique Mius, Metis, b-1784, daughter (V)-Paul Mius, Metis, b-1751 Port Royal, Acadia and Marie Leblanc;
(I)-William McGillivray Sr.(1764-1825) of Terrebonne, Quebec arrived Montreal
1784, NWC assigned 1785 Rainy River and 1791 Athabasca. Married about 1790
Susan Metis/Cree Indian
(II)-Joseph McGillivray Metis (1790-1832) married Francoise
Bouche (Boucher)
(II)-Simon McGillivray Metis (1790-1840) married Theresa Roy
(II)-William McGillivray Metis Jr. (1796-1832) wife not
listed but two Metis sons Simon and Joseph
(II)-Hector McGillivray Metis (1816-1837)
(II)-Edward McGillivray Metis b-1816
(II)-Montrose McGillivray Metis (1822-1850)
(II)-Napoleon McGillivray Metis (1822-1906) married
Sarah
(VI)-Monique Mius, Metis, b-1784, daughter (V)-Paul Mius, Metis, b-1751 Port Royal, Acadia and Marie Leblanc;
The part of Nova Scotia lying north of the Bay of Fundy
becomes a separate Province under the name of New Brunswick. The American
British Loyalists demanded their own colonial administration. Cape
Breton also became a separate province but later rejoined Nova Scotia.
Antigonish County (a Micmac name meaning broken branches) in Nova Scotia,
in 1784, began being settled by British soldiers. It was originally called
Dorchester and acquired the name Antigonish in 1821. (I)-McDougall from Arasack,
Scotland arrived about this time and first settled at Malignant Brook.
Malignant Brook runs into Malignant cove about nineteen kilometers from
Antigonish where the British Man of War, H.M.S. Malignant, was wrecked on the
way to Quebec during the American Revolution. McDougall is an anglicized
form of MacDhubhghaill; meaning son of Dubhghall or Dougall, that is, the
Black Strangers, the Foreigner; meaning not Celts or natives of the low
lands, and means the darker ones, probably from Scandinavian- the Danes.
Britain established Antigonish County, Nova Scotia.
The Province of New Brunswick is created and the Province of Cape Breton..
The British conducted a census of the Province of Quebec.
The first marriage in New Brunswick took place at Parr Town (St. John) when Lieutenant Andrew Stockton, formerly of New Jersey, took a Loyalist bride.
April 14: St. Augustin, birth Marie Marguerite Favron, Metis daughter Jean Baptiste Favon and (IV)-Marie Joseph Francoise Morin, Metis born October 12, 1758 St. Augustin daughter (III)-Joseph Morin b-1728 and (V))-Marie Abgelique Letarte, b-1732
April 29: St. Cuthbert, birth Marie Louise Houde, Metis, daughter Alexis Houde dit Houle , b-1757 and (V)-Marie Louise Prevost, Metis, b-1752.
May 10: Montreal, marriage V)-Jean Baptiste Melchior Hertel b-1748 to. (IV)-Marie Anne Hervieux, Metis, daughter (III)-Pierre Jean Baptiste Hervieux, Metis born April 29, 1706 and Charlotte Marin.
June 8: Quebec marriage (II)-Jean Baptiste Onel
Metis b-1756 son (I)-Pierre Onel and (II)-Marie Joseph Chandonne Metis b-1734
(III)-Marie Louise et Therese Onel Metis b-1786 Quebec
Ursulines
(III)-Marie Joseph Onel Metis (1787-1788 Quebec
(III)-Francoise Henriette Onel b-1789 Quebec
(III)-Jeanne Antoinette Onel Metis (1791-1797) Quebec
(III)-Catherine Onel Metis (1793-1793) St Augustin
(III)-Marie Angelique Onel Metis b-1797 Quebec
August 30:
St Augustin marriage (V)-Etienne Quentin Metis son (IV)-Nicolas Quentin Metis
b-1717 and (IV)-Genevieve Cote b-1721; married Marie Charlotte Tinon b-1761
(VI)-Marie Joseph Quentin Metis b-1785 St Augustin
(VI)-Etienne Quentin Metis b-1788 St Augustin
(VI)-Guillaume Quentin Metis d-1793 St Augustin
(VI)-Francois Xazier Quentin Metis b-1794 St Augustin
October
4: St Jean Port Joli marriage (IV)-Jean Baptiste Damours b-1758 to
(III)-Genevieve Chouinard Metis b-1761 daughter (II)-Pierre Chouinard b-1695 and
(IV)-Marie Anne Pelletier Metis b-1725
(V)-Jean Baptiste Damours Metis b-1785 Riviere Ouelle
October 5: St
Augustin marriage (II)-Alexis Bernard to (IV)-Francoise DeFoy Metis daughter
(III)-Pierre DeFoy (1727-1790) and (III)-Francoise Lalande Metis b-1733
(III)-Alexis Bernard Metis b-1786 St Augustin
(III)-Joseph Bernard Metis b-1787 St Augustin
October 25:
Quebec marriage (V)-Pierre Page b-1751
1st married (II)-Elisabeth Duperon et Duperoux dit Sansregret b-1748 d-1788
Quebec, veuve (I)-Jacques Rowlands (1745-1783); daughter (I)-Charles Nicolas
Duperon and (II)-Elisabst Chandonnet Metis (1722-1784)
(II)-Joseph Page Metis
2nd marriage 1790 Quebec Genevieve Damien
November 22: St Laurent marriage (IV)-Pierre Barsolou metsi son (III)-Jean
Francois Barsolou b-1724 and (V)-Marguerite Miville Metis b-1738; married
(III)-Marie Anne Girouard
(V)-Marguerite Barsolou Metis b-1785 Montreal married 1802
Montreal (II)-Joseph Gauvin dit Dautour
November 23: Montreal, marriage (I)-Jacob Fleischman et Flacshman to (II)-Francoise
Normand, Metis, died April 22, 1793 Montreal, daughter (I)-Pierre Normand dit
Jolicoeur an Iroquois Zorahk8anuen, and (II)-Marguerite Lehays b-1702; 1st
married January 10, 1757 Quebec Jean Baptiste Pontas; 2nd marriage October 21,
1760, Montreal, Arnoux Dominique Mondy; 3rd marriage November 23, 1784 Montreal
Jacob Fleischman
FRENCH HISTORY
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