THIS PERIOD is 1800 TO 1829

ALBERTA HISTORY 1830-1849

ALBERTA HISTORY Return to ALBERTA INDEX

DIRECTORY Return to MAIN HISTORY INDEX

1800

James Bird, Metis, b-1800, Prince Albert at Sturgeon River, son James Curtis Bird and Mary a Swampy Cree; married 1825, Belly River N.W.T., Sally Sarah a Piegan Native.

A man named Cardinal married Angelique Robillard, Metis, b-1800 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), died October 1870, St. Albert (Alberta) daughter Robillard a French Canadian and Iroquois woman.  Angelique 2nd marriage 1853, Lac La Biche, Charles Beauregard.  

 Joseph Cardinal who married Rose Grise (Cree) has been in Alberta since about this time and is an early resident of the Lac La Biche des Metis settlement (Alberta).  Their son is Alexis Cardinal born 1820's Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) who married about 1846 Nancy Quintal also of Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta).  Alexis is Father Lacombe's guide.   

Josephte Suzette Cardinal, Metis, b-1800, Lac La Biche (Alberta), died Lac La Biche, daughter Joseph Cardinal, b-1756 Quebec and Lizette Maskegan, a Native, d-1873 Lac La Biche, 1st married Joseph Ladouceur, b-1777, Quebec: 2nd married Joseph Desjarlais, Metis, b-1782 son Joseph Desjarlais, b-1754, Quebec and Okemakwe.

    CHILDREN FIRST MARRIAGE

   . Marie Catherine Ladouceur, b-1810, married Michel Joachim Bruneau b1806 (is this another child?)
    . Joseph Ladouceur, b-1813, Beaver River (Alberta) married Julie Auger, (Alberta), b-1822 Lac La Biche (Alberta).  Joseph Ladouceur, father of Augustin Ladouceur, father of Maxime Ladouceur, father of Gabriel Ladouceur and father of Mildtred Ladouceur, souce of much of this information. 
   .  Charlotte Ladouceur, b-1814 married Pierre Quintal 
   .  Louise Ladouceur, Metis b-1820, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta), died 1906, married, 1837, Fort Edmonton, Joseph Beaudry Jr.
    . Josephte Ladouceur 

    CHILDREN SECOND MARRIAGE

    Joseph Desjarlais married Dorion, Slave Lake
    Suzanne Desjarlais married Joseph Pepamowew Courteoreille, Lac St Ann
    Marie Desjarlais married Azure Hamelin, Battle River
    Francois Desjarlais Pichsis, Lac La Biche
    Jean Marie Desjarlais, Beaver River District
    Paulette Desjarlais, Lac La Biche
    Genevieve Desjarlais married James Pruden, Victoria
    Judith Desjarlais, married Louisonsis, Slave Lake
    Marguerite Desjarlais married St, Luc Cardinel, Lac La Biche

Josephte (Suzette) Cardinal, Metis, b1800, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) daughter Joseph Cardinal, soldat, b-1756, St Laurent, Quebec, died September 1, 1854, Lac La Biche (Alberta) and (married 1798) Lizette Maskegan, d-1873, Lac La Biche (1st married 1794, Rose Cree); marriage 1809 Joseph Ladouceur.  who married Joseph Desjarlais.  Josephte would be age nine when married, it is more likely she was born between 1794 to 1797, her father was married to two women same time, maybe more: married 1794 Rose Cree, married 1798 Lizette Maskegan and a 3rd marriage is also known.

Marie Catherine Cardinal, Metis, b-1800, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter Joseph Cardinal, b-1756, St Laurent, Quebec, died September 1, 1854, Lac La Biche (Alberta) and (married 1798) Lizette Maskegan (1st married 1794, Rose Cree); married 1818 Moose Hills, Pierre Eiaiowew, her father was married to two women same time, maybe more. 

Francois Decoigne of the NWC,  re-built Fort de I'lsle 20 miles upstream from Fort George on the Saskatchewan River.

Cecile Dumont, born 1800, likely Saskatchewan River (Alberta) daughter Jean Baptiste Dumont and Josette Sarcee, married before 1815, Fort Edmonton, (Alberta) Jacques Berger

(I)-Peter Fiddler (1769-1822), who established a post and wintered on the mouth of the Red Deer River, (Alberta) reported that many Ojibwa, Nipissing and Iroquois were working the Alberta fur trade, especially in the Peace River country and along the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains.  "XY' Company quickly established a post next to Fiddler's Hudson Bay post called Chesterfield House. A large band is at Chesterfield House and Jack Pine Mountain (Cypress Hills) but refuse to trade with 'XY' or Hudson Bay people.

A French/Canadian trader named the 'Beautiful Highlands' (named by the Cree) as the Cypress Hills.  He had mistaken the lodge pole pines for cypress or Jack Pines of Quebec.

Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Lagasse and Lablanc are believed by some to have reached the Columbia River and possibly the Pacific Ocean by this time or earlier.

Angelique Robillard, Metis, b-1800, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), died October 1870, St. Albert (Alberta) daughter Robillard a French Canadian and Iroquois Woman; 1st married 1815 a Cardinal; 2nd married 1853, Lac La Biche, Charles Beauregard, d-1885..

Nancy Ward, Metis b-1810 N.W.T., son John Ward Sr. and Native woman.

It is highly unlikely all three of these children are from Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.  One is likely the child of Xavier Finlay (1779-1859), one or more could be, one of the four adopted Lussier children, or a second wife?? 

Augustin (Yoostah) Finlay, Metis, (1800-1883) born Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, Alberta son Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.

John Baptiste (Siwash) (3 gun) Finlay, Metis, b-1800 Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, son Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.

Josette Finlay, Metis, b-1800 Alberta daughter Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.

The North West Company constructed Fort Dunvegan on the Peace River with 45 men and officers under command of Archibald Norman McLeod a stern and uncompromising man.  

THE LEATHER PASS
The Leather Pass through the Rocky Mountains was first used last century by the Iroquois and Metis traders of the North West Company.  It was later named Tete Jaune (Yellowhead) Cache Pass after Pierre Hatsinaton, a Metis because he built a Cashe House in the pass.  We now know it as the Yellowhead Pass, Alberta.

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857)  wintered Fort Terra Blanche in Edmonton in 1800, 1802, 1806 and 1807, then set out from here for the Columbia River.  The Piegan People would not allow the North West Company use of the pass to the Columbia.  They expressed concern that the French Metis would arms trade with their enemy, the Kootenay (Water People).  The murder of two Piegan, by Lewis of the United States, drew the Piegan to the Missouri to revenge their death and thus cleared the way for (I)-David Thompson, (1770-1857),  (II)-Fenian (Finan or Finnan?) McDonald (1782-1851) and the group of Metis to make the dash for the Columbia River.  Thompson's wife, Charlotte Small, had a Metis baby strapped to her back.  Others suggest (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857)  wintered on the Kutenai (Kootenay) Plains in 1806.  They killed and ate wild horses.  The Stony People taught Thompson how to make moss bread.

The Blackfoot Confederacy (Blackfoot, Blood and Piegan) conducted raiding parties beyond Yellowstone River, Standpoint, Idaho and Tobacco plains, west of the Rocky Mountains.  The chiefs had limited power beyond influence and are careful not to arrogate or show superiority over others.  Shooting a man from ambush brought little glory, however, touching an enemy with hand or stick, or subduing him in personal encounter, snatching a gun, bow or horse was a high achievement.  Scalp taking, a European introduced custom, is some times practiced, but ranked very low in honors.  Both companies built forts at Chesterfield house near Empress on the Red River.

The Kutenai who live west of the Rocky Mountains came to trade at Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, Alberta.  Charles Lagrasse,  Pierre Leblanc and his wife went to the Kutenai Country, Oregon Territory.

A tradition persists that a free trader wintered at Pine Lake this year.

The Iroquois traders are using the Leather Pass (Yellowhead Pass) to harvest furs on the Pacific Slope.  The H.B.C. later called the pass the Tete Jaune Cache after Piere Hatsinaton, a Metis, with yellow hair and because he built a storage shelter.  They also used the Athabasca Pass to the Columbia River Area.

From 1800 to 1815 the Hudson Bay Company virtually ignored the Athabasca Region.  William Tomison, Inland Chief, was only interested in developing the Saskatchewan (River).

The Assiniboia Region was considered to be all territories in southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta but mostly referred to those areas adjacent to the Assiniboia River system.  Eventually it referred to all southern lands of Saskatchewan and Alberta.

April 24:  Fort Dunvegan, Peace River, Martineau is accused of stealing some meat and Archibald Norman McLeod as punishment took away his wife and gave her to Cardeau.  Just previous to this he had hunted down and returned two squaw (iskwao) slaves who had run away.  (Squaw is a very insulting English word.)

April 28:  The Owl War Chief who was living with the Slave Indians told of a fort near the sea, inhabited by people quite different to the Fort Dunvegan folks in many respects, likely the Russians.   Archibald Norman McLeod, the ignorant, severely reprimanded the chief for telling lies.

1801

Fort Augustus (NWC) and Fort Edmonton (HBC) are relocated from Fort Saskatchewan (Alberta) to the Rossdale Flats (Edmonton, Alberta) this year.

At the junction of the Miette and Athabasca Rivers is Fitzhugh Place that was in 1813 renamed Jaspers, Place (Alberta) after a North West Company supply post.  This post was for the mountain trade across Athabasca pass (where there are reeds), that is established about this time.  It is noteworthy that after more than ten years of use by others, David Thompson, in 1811, would claim discovery of the Athabasca pass. 

The Gros Ventres invited a passing brigade of 75 Iroquois traders into their camp.  They engaged in a heated form of gambling, a quarrel broke out.  When the dust cleared, 25 Iroquois of the N.W.C. lay dead.  The survivors reached Fort Augustus (Alberta).

William Tomison of the H.B.C. claimed the North West Company and XY Company had over 300 Iroquois on the Saskatchewan River this summer alone.  This is not counting the hundreds who are still in the region from the 1790's. 

Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, birth (II)-Fanny Thompson Metis daughter (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and Charlotte Small b-1785 Metis.

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and James Hughes search for a pass to the west of Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, but failed.

Grouard (Slave Lake) is established and by 1898 would replace Dunvegan as the center of trade for the Peace River District.

1802

Patrick (Pichina) Finlay (1802-1879) born Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, son Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.   This is likely one of the 4 adopted Lussier children. 

The Rocky Mountain House Echo newspaper in 1911 attributes the establishment of Rocky Mountain House at the mouth of the Clearwater River into the Saskatchewan River to John MacDonald of Garth Scotland for the North West Fur Company of Montreal.  They claim Alexander Henry succeed him and David Thompson succeed Henry.  This is obviously in error as Rocky Mountain House has been used as a trading post since 1751.

Old Man Monroe (Hugh Monroe), born 1784 Montreal, died 1892, arrived Fort Edmonton in 1802 in the employ of  The Hudson Bay Company.  He married a Piegan woman and their son, William Monroe (b-1851), would serve with the Pallisar Expedition (1872).  It is possible that the legends of old man Monroe represent two or more different people.  Some place his birth date at 1898 or 1899.  He is said to have been indentured for three years in 1815 to the Hudson Bay Company and posted to Edmonton House.  It is alleged he departed a Hudson Bay Company warehouse in Montreal in 1815, traveling to Edmonton House via York Factory.  It is highly likely he didn't depart until after 1821, when the North West Company merged with the Hudson Bay Company.  This assumption is based on the fact that his first child was born in 1825, Rocky Mountain House aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches; suggesting a departure after 1821.

The North West Company established Bow River Fort, fifty miles west of Fort La Jonquiere (Calgary).  Bow River is named as the place for making bows.

Patrick Pichina Finlay, Metis, b-1802 Fort Edmonton area, died January 1879 Montana son Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828); married Margaret.

Some suggest the Battle River Settlement was first noted about this time and was located south of Camrose.  The Cree called this location No-tin-to-si-pi whereas the Blackfoot called it Ke-chi-sab-wap-ta and was noted as a good crossing place and was the location of a number of clashes between the Cree and Blackfoot.

Simon Fraser (1776-1862) built Fort Laird at Fort Vermilion, (Alberta).

Saskadjiwan a.k.a. Saskatchewan, means the running of the thaw or swift current.  Both Fort Saskatchewan, the North West Company and Fort Augustus, Hudson Bay Company, moved to Edmonton on the Rosedale Flats, where the Edmonton power plant now stands.  The 'XY' Company also built in this location.  Chesterfield house, at this time, lies abandoned.

The N.W.C. built Pierre au Calumet on the east bank of the Athabasca River, 55 miles from Fort McMurray.

March 3:   The North West Company sent a 12 man party to Fort Chesterfield, near present day Empress, Alberta, and the Gros Ventre killed the two Canadians (Metis) and ten Iroquois traders.  Others suggest it was 14 Iroquois and 2 Canadians of the N.W.C., and that they were killed on the Bow River, southern Alberta.

1803

Thomeson Audinson, Metis, b-1803 Red River married to Leathine Metis b-1802 Red River living Lakeland eastern Alberta, 1891.

William Connolly (1787-1849) who joined the N.W.C. in 1801 and became a partner by 1818.  He married 1803 Rat River Suzanne Cree, d-1862 and had 6 children. 

Marie Louise Jerome dit St. Mathe, Metis, b-1803, Rocky Mountain House (Alberta) daughter Martin Jerome dit St, Mathe and Francoise a native; married June 15, 1829, Red River, Maximilien dit Dauphinais Genthon (1790-1871) son Jean Baptiste Genthon and Marie Louise Lafontaine.

Peter Fidler reported 110 Iroquois fur traders on the Peace River near the Rocky Mountains.

1804

John Clarke, b-1781, joined the N.W.C. in 1804 and served the Pacific Fur Company 1810-1814 and joined the Athabasca Expedition of 1815.

La Gasse and LeBlanc return with the Kutenai to trade at Rocky Mountain House and are believed to be the first known to cross the Rocky Mountains.

William Sturgis a merchant from Boston arrived west coast of Vancouver Island with 5,000 ermine skins from Leipzip.  He sold these to the Kimgarnee Indians who prized them for ceremonial purposes.  He valued his ermine at 30¢ and traded them at 5 for one sea-otter skin.  These he sold at Canton, China for $50.00 each skin.  

Raphael Tremblay b-1802 Quebec married to Catherine Metis b-1804 B.C. living Egg Lake (Alberta) 1901.

John Rowand born 1787 Montreal died Fort Pitt (Saskatchewan), May 30, 1854, served as a clerk at Fort Des Prairies a.k.a. Fort Augustus (Fort Edmonton), (Alberta) for the North West Company, until 1806 when he served at Red River des Metis, then went back to Fort Edmonton 1808.  He spent most of his life at Fort Edmonton and was known as Iron Shirt or Big Mountain Man by the Indians.

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) visited the future site of Fort Dunvegan in 1805.

1805

Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta), birth, Angele Bourassa, daughter, Michel Francois Bourassa and Marguerite Beaulieu; married, 1835, Fort Pitt, (Saskatchewan), Pierre (Pierriche) Delorme, b-1813, White Mud (Alberta), son Pierre Delorme and Marguerite Cardinal. 

North West Company's, Archibald MacLeod, built Fort Duvaegan on the Peace River and Simon Fraser (1776-1862) of Cornwall, previously of New York, and established several Forts in British Columbia.  Fort Dunvegan is considered the center of the fur trade for the Peace Region (Alberta) until 1898 when it was replaced by Grouard (Slave Lake)..

Francois (Benetsee) Finlay b-1805, Fort Edmonton area d-before 1873 son Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman; married Susanna.  This is more likely the child of Xavier Finley (1779-1859) Jacko's brother.

Some suggest Fort Edmonton (Alberta) was known as Fort des Prairies the Upper not to be confused with Lower Fort des Prairies on the Saskatchewan River and others say it was called Hughe's Fort (Fort Augustus).  It is noteworthy that forts/trading posts change names from season to season and some change locations as frequently.    

Battleford a trading post is established this year.

June 13:   Meriwether Lewis departed Belt Creek in search of the Grand Falls of the Missouri, which was previously reported by others.

1806  

Lizette Gladu, b-1806, Slave Lake, daughter, Francois Gladu, born December 25. 1763 and Josephte Chartrand b-1773. 

Thomas Karaconti Callihoo, L'Iroquoise, b-1806 Fitzhugh Place aka Jasper's House, (Alberta) died April, 1876 Fort Dunvegan, (Alberta), son, Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782, Iroquois Village of Chaughawaga near Montreal, Quebec, d-1846 and Marie Katis of the Sekanaise Tribe (Montagnais Nation); married Lizette Karaconti.

Lizette Gladu, b-1806, Slave Lake daughter Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763 and Josephite Chartrand. b-1773; married John Quinns alias Kwenis.

Archibald Norman MacLeod of the N.W.C. established Clearwaters House and Fort McMurray (Alberta).  Hudson Bay withdrew from Chipewyan House. Finnan Mor Meyers (1782-1851) is assigned to Rocky Mtn. House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches (Alberta).

Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) is on the Kootenay Plains near the headwaters of the North Saskatchewan River in Old Fort Kootenae that was abandoned in 1807.

Jacques (John) Ward, Metis, b-1810 N.W. son John Ward Sr. and Native woman; married Angelique Bruyere, Metis, b-1810 N.W.

David Thompson of the NWC is placed in charge of Poste de la Montagne de Roches, (Rocky Mountain House) (Alberta).

Kamanistiquia recorded 413 packs of furs out of the Athabasca 1/6 of total furs yet HBC continued to ignore this region.

Archibald Norman MacLeod of the N.W.C. established Fort Dunvegan (Alberta) with 45 men and 6 officers.  F. Goedike, David Holmes, Cardinal Trudelle and Landrie are among the 45.  During the summer only 9 men, 8 women and 7 children remained at the fort.  

November 19:  Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828),  MacMaster and two others blazed a trail through Findlay Pass (Howse Pass) and down the Blaeberry River for (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) expedition to the Columbia River.  They also built two canoes and stored them for use by Thompson.

1807  

Francois Berland Sr, Metis, b-1807 son Jean Baptiste Berland and Susanne McLeod Nepissing; married Therese Callihoo L'Iroquois, b-1820, died 1978 St. Albert, (Alberta) daughter Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L;Iroquois, born October 17, 1782 and Marie Sekanaise tribe Katis Montagnaus Nation.

Reshor (Isaac) Daignault (Daigneault), Metis b-1807, Fort Edmonton, N.W. (Alberta), son Richard Daigneault and Josephite Fortier; married 1832/38 Fort Carlton, (Saskatchewan), Julia Larence, Metis, b-1820/21 on the plains of the N.W., living Fort Edmonton 1891, daughter Bazil Larence, born 1789/95, Quebec and Agathe Micher L'Iroquoise, b-1812/25, Slave Lake.   Richard is noted as 2nd marriage before 1817, Lisette Bernard, this is an obvious error.

Susanne Decoine, Metis, b-1807, Lesser Slave Lake, (Alberta), daughter Francois Decoine and Kee-na-kwa-na Cheewannok; 1st married 1827 Fort Carlton (Saskatchewan), So-so-wa-pas Cardinal; 2nd marriage 1824 Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta), a man named Moise.

Jean Baptiste Gladu, b-1807, N.W.T. son Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763 and Josephite Chartrand, b-1773; married October 8, 1845, Upper Fort des Prairies (Fort Edmonton, Alberta), Sophie Collin, Metis, b-1815, Fitzhugh Place aka Jasper's House, (Alberta), daughter, Richard Collin Sr., Metis and Genevieve Bruyere, Metis.

Some suggest Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) with his large family, returned to Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, (Alberta) after his trip to the Columbia River system.  

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857), of North West Company, had made friends with the Piegan Indians who showed him the Howse Pass that has been in use for the past 10 years by the Metis. 

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857), North West Company, built Fort Kootenay, Windermere Lake, B.C. and criticized Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) because the canoes he built the previous year were destroyed by animals.  This animosity is likely because Finley had explored the territory Thompson was planning to cover.  Finlay quit the Northwest Company as a result of this conflict.  

Pembina is derived from the Ojibwa word Anepeminan, meaning summer berry- a kind of cranberry. 

Fort Edmonton (Alberta) is reported destroyed by the Blood Indians and the area is abandoned until 1819.

Fitzhugh Place aka Jasper's House, (Alberta) birth, Marie Comtois, Metis died December 1875 Fort MacLeod (Alberta) daughter Siour Comtois and Josephte Fagnant, Metis who married Peter Skene Ogden born 1794 Quebec died September 27, 1854 Oregon.  Peter had a 2nd marriage about 1816, Julie (Julia Flathead & Princess Julia) Rivet (Salishan Spokane) (1800-1886) daughter Therese Tete Platte (Salishan Spokane).

Legasse and Leblanc with the Kootenay Indians crossed the Howse Pass in trade.

January:  At Fort Edmonton (Alberta)  Isaac Daignault (Daigneault) is born the son of Richard Daignault (Daigneault) and a Cree woman.  (I)-James Bird, born 1773, is commandant at Edmonton House and noted the half-breeds can feast with pleasure on horse, dog or any substance.  He can even support a deprivation of all food for a greater length of time and with less concern than any other man on the face of the earth.  Some claim that Fort Augustus and Fort Edmonton, located down river from present Edmonton, were destroyed by the Indians in 1807/08.   This is interesting given that the fort was in use in 1810-1811 and there was no record of  it being rebuilt?   Maybe they are referring to Fort Augustus or the XY Fort? 

January 6:   At Pembina, Marie-Anne Gaboury, originally from Maskinonge near Trois-Rivers, Quebec, married to free trader, Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere, gave birth to her second baby , born shortly after riding a horse in a buffalo hunt, while the first born rode in a saddle bag.  Within three days she was back riding to Fort Edmonton (Alberta). 

March 24:  Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) returned with his woman and two children from the mountains to meet David Thompson March 24, 1807.  

October 20:  Devil or Spirit Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta), birth, Jean Baptiste Letendre aka Mooshwan, Metis, son Ferguson Letendre and A-tee-ka-po;  married 1845, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta)  Madelaine Gladu, Metis born September 22, 1830, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta), daughter Charles Gladu, b-1810 and Therese Gray, b-1813, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), living Lac Ste Anne 1901.

December 4:   Sturgeon Lake (Alberta), birth George Harmon, Metis, died March 18, 1813 Shelburne, Vermont, son Daniel Williams Harmon born February 19, 1778 Bennington, Vermont died April 1843 Sault au Recollets, Quebec and Lizzette Laval (Duval) Metis born 1790 Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, died February 12, 1861 Sault au Recollet, Quebec.

1808

Jack Harding, a Texan Rancher, claimed to have kept a stopping place near Eggie's, on the Athabasca Trail, and squatted near Bernard in 1808 but moved over to the Twin Lakes at Clairmount and later to Pouce Coupe.  Most of this source, the Grand Prairie Herald-historical Issue deals with the early 1900's so this could be a typo error and might be 1908?

The North West Company built Fort Augustus (later Fort Edmonton), James Hughes was commandant.

Michel Patenaude, Metis, b-1808, Fort Edmonton (Fort Augustus?), (Alberta), died 1875 South Saskatchewan River, son Michel Patenaude, b-1784, Red River des Metis, died July 20, 1863 Red River and Francoise Gros Ventre; married 1st Rosalie Berger, Metis, b-1815, Fort Edmonton or Fort Augustus?) (Alberta), daughter Jacques Berger and Cecile Dumont, Metis, b-1800; 2nd marriage, 1843, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) Josep[hte Bourassa, b-1810 daughter Michel Francois Bourassa and Marguerite Beaulieu.

The Hudson Bay Company would later in 1819 build Fort Edmonton and John Rowand (1787-1854) was in charge.

The XY Company built a Fort on or near the final Fort Edmonton location and is therefore the first Fort located at Edmonton city, the commandant of the fort is unknown.  XY would merge with the N.W.C..

Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere, a bigamist, born December 26, 1778, died September 7, 1855 and illegitimate wife Marie Anne Gaboury, born August 15, 1780 Quebec, died December 14, 1875, departed Pembina in August for Fort Meadows (later called Fort Strong Edmonton and Fort Edmonton).  Jean was also married to Josephte Indian with three small children whom he abandoned.  They traveled with the families of Chalifoux, Belgrade and Paouin.  The reason for their move was that Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere had three baby girls by Indian women and she threatened to poison Marry Anne.  Marie Gaboury Lagimodiere is claimed to be the first French Metis Woman recorded at Fort Augustus Edmonton, Alberta.  She is from the Pembina post and is married to free trader, Jean Baptist.  They lived in the Edmonton area for four years, eventually returning to Red River.  Their daughter Julie, who is born in Alberta, would become the mother of Louis Riel.  Many later arrivals to Edmonton would claim to be first.

Fort Edmonton (Fort Augustus?), birth Michel Patenaude Jr., Metis died 1875 on South Saskatchewan River, son Michel Patenaude Sr. b-1784 and Francoise Gros-Venture, he married Rosalie Berger b-1815 Fort Edmonton daughter of Berger and Cicile Dumont.

Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) guided Joseph Howse through the Finlay Pass and Howse named the pass after himself.  This is interesting given he knew that Finlay and others had used the pass in years past and Thompson had used it last year but still he had the cheek to name it after himself.  Others suggest this took place in 1809.

Miquam (Jacques) or (Jacob) Finlay b-1808 Rocky Mountains, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, son Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.   This is more likely one of the 4 adopted Lussier children.  Nine other children born in Spokane, Washington are attributed to Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) and Indian woman.   Some of these are likely associated with a different wife, his brother Xavier Finlay (1779-1859) or some of his sons or adopted sons. 

June:  Simon Fraser (1776-1862) on the banks on the Fraser River encountered Indians who were exceeding well dressed in leather and were on horseback.  These horses are called wild mustangs (cayuse) and are descended from mustangs introduced by the Spanish, and still run wild in the area today.

August:  Fort Meadows (on site of future Fort Edmonton), birth, Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere, (1778-1855) and Marie Anne Gaboury (1780-1875). 

1809

Joseph Nabestiwayan Beaudry (1809-1881) was baptized, September 14, 1842, Fort des Prairies (Edmonton, Alberta) he married 1838 but was churched September 14, 1842, Fort des Prairie (Edmonton, Alberta) Louise Ladouceur, b-1820 Lac La Biche (Alberta) daughter Joseph Ladouceur and Josephte Cardinal, epouse Joseph Desjarlais..

Joseph Gray, Metis, b-1809, Jasper House (Alberta), son, Thomas Gray and Mary Nipissing; 1st married, Clarisse Karaconti, 2nd married 1845 Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta), Susanne Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1824, daughter Louis Kwarakwentlia Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782, Quebec and Marie Katis Sekanaise of the Montagnais Nation.

 Joseph Hawse of the Hudson Bay with a 17 man expedition journeyed from Edmonton House (Fort Meadows?) to the Rocky Mountains, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches.  He also traveled from Augustus House, Fort Saskatchewan, across the continental divide to Flathead Lake, Montana (Flathead is a tribal name) and returned with thirty-six packs of furs.  The old abandoned Fort Augustus, located one mile above Sturgeon River mouth (Fort Saskatchewan), is burned this year by the Blackfoot.  

Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) lived between Blaeberry and Kootenae House he adopted the 4 Lussier orphaned children.  It is likely these children took on the Finlay name.   The Piegan People robbed Finlay of his horse and goods, he was known to have more than 18 horses.

D.W. Harmon, a famous N.W.C. explorer took over Fort Dunvegan and was succeeded by John McGillvray.

October 20:   At Fort Vermilion, in house #5, lives Joseph Genou  (b-1777?), alias Gagnon or Gagnion, and his wife (Josephte Lapierre b-1785??).  No children are reported but the Gagnon clan in 1810 numbered 17 persons.

1810  

Pierre Bostonais, d-1827 an Iroquois Metis with yellow hair also called Tete Jaune meaning yellow head, is recorded in Rocky Mountain House in employ of the NWC. 

Charles Gladu, b-1810, N.W.T. son Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763 and  Josephte Cartrand, b-1773; married 1825, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta ), Therese Gray, Metis, b-1813, Lesser Slave Lake, daughter Thomas Gray and Marie Nipissing epouse Archibald McDonald son Allen McDonald, born May 19, 1832.

Near Cypress Hills, birth, Jossette Lagimodiere daughter Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere, (1778-1855) and Marie Anne Gaboury (1780-1875) of Fort Meadows (future site Fort Edmonton.. 

John Rowand (1787-1854), a clerk with the North West Company, raised in Montreal, took a young native country wife, Louis Umphreville, at Fort Des Prairies,  (Edmonton, Alberta) after she saved his life, yet he never once recorded her name.  He would later serve at Fort Edmonton aka Fort Meadows (Alberta). 

(I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) wintered Old Fort Augustus 1810/1811. 

George Ward, Metis b-1810 son John Ward Sr. and Native woman.

Old Fort Augustus (Edmonton) planted a barley crop that failed.

The Hudson Bay Company abandoned Fort Edmonton due to the hostility of the Cree and Blackfoot towards the H.B.C.  Some suggest they abandoned the fort in 1807 because it was burnt down and they feared for their lives.  Fort Edmonton would not be rebuilt until 1819.

The North Western's James Hughes and Alexander agreed with the Hudson Bay's (I)-James Bird, Henry Hallet and John Peter Pruden in attempting to separate the Cree and the Blackfoot for the purpose of trade because these two Peoples are in disagreement. 

Alexander Henry and Angus Bethune (1783-1858) visited Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches (Alberta).

Some suggest that the NWC, Fort Augustus and the HBC, Fort Edmonton relocated from Rossdale Flats (Edmonton, Alberta) to Wabamun Creek and the Saskatchewan River.  This site was short lived and they both returned to Rossdale Flats (Edmonton, Alberta).  Fort Edmonton would not be rebuilt until 1819 so it like only the NWC relocated..

Both the Hudson Bay Company and the North West Company built Forts at Upper Terra Blanche.  Some suggest this was White Mud Creek near Edmonton. but this is not likely.  The North West Company Fort contained 135 people, being composed of 28 men, 35 women and 72 children.  The Hudson Bay Company fort contained 85 people.   Fort Augustus and Fort Saskatchewan moved seventy miles down stream to White Earth Creek.  They built in a common stockade and retained the Augustus and Edmonton names, but the traders called it Fort White Earth, Terra Blanche, and Lower White Earth Post.  The NWC some say didn't return to Edmonton until 1813, where they would stay on Rosedale Flats, again within a common stockade, and became the central headquarters for the Hudson Bay Company fur trading on the western prairies.  Others suggest the HBC did not return to Edmonton until 1819.  This would imply the forts moved upstream and down stream between Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, and Fort Saskatchewan a number of times.  It is worth noting that Fort Edmonton a.k.a. Fort Augustas was also known as Fort de (des) Prairie.  There appears to be some confusion during this period.  It maybe the difference between a fort vs. a trading post.

1811

George Gladue, Metis b-1811 Athabasca married about 1885, likely at Beaver Lake, (Alberta), Anne Metis b-1851, Alberta.

Jeanette Guilvieu b-1811 N.W. living Battle River (Alberta), 1891.

Michel Klyne, b-1811 Fort Edmonton, (Fort Augustus/Meadows ?) died December 9, 1875, son Michel Klyne, b-1781, Canada, and Suzanne Lafrance, Metis, b-1790 North West Territories; married Mareleine Beauchemin, Metis, b-1820 on the Plains, NWT. daughter Andre Millet dit Beachemin, b-1778 and Charlotte Pelletier, Metis, b-1785

Jean Baptiste Lagimodiere, (1778-1855) and Marie Anne Gaboury (1780-1875) of Fort Meadows (future site Fort Edmonton), returned to Red River. 

Rocky Mountain House (NWC) is located up river from the Fort St John another NWC fort on the Peace River (Alberta).  This is not to be confused with Rocky Mountain House (NWC) on the North Saskatchewan River (Alberta).  Going west from Lake Athabasca up the Peace River are the following North West Company forts and trading houses active this year.  Fort Chipewyan (north shore), Fort Wintzel, Red River Fort, Fort Liard and next door Mansfield House HBC, Fort du Tremble, Fort Vermilion, Horseshoe House, McLeod's Fort, Fort of the Forks, Fort Dunvegan, Fort St. John and Rocky Mountain House.    

The North West Company built Henry's House in Jasper (Alberta) up river from Fitzhugh Place aka Jasper's House (NWC) on the Athabasca River (Alberta).  Going south from Lake Athabasca up the Athabasca River are the following North West Company forts and trading houses active this year.  Fort Chipewyan (south shore), Fort Nottingham (HBC), Pound's House, Fort Pierre au Calumet, Fort of the Forks, Lesser Slave River House (Lesser Slave Lake Fort, north end of lake), two Athabasca River posts, Fitzhugh Place aka Jasper House and Henry's House aka Jasper's House.

Going down river from the Rocky Mountains on the North Saskatchewan River we find; Action House (HBC), Rocky Mountain House (NWC), Boggy Hall (NWC), Quagmire House (NWC), Buck Lake House (HBC), Earth River (HBC), Earth River (NWC), Fort Augustus (NWC), Edmonton House (HBC), Fort de I'lisle (HBC), Firt I'lisle (NWC), Fort George (NWC), Buckingham House (HBC), and Fort Vermilion (HBC & NWC),

Beaver River and tributatories, north of Fort Augustus Fort de l'Original (NWC), Greenwich House (HBC) and Fort Lac La Biche.

South Saskatchewan River contained Bow River Fort (NWC), and Fort La Jonquiere (NWC),    

January 11:  Thomas Iroquois showed David Thompson the mountain pass to the Columbia.  The Iroquois had been using the pass for over ten years. 

May:   Alexander Henry (must be the younger who died 1814 Oregon) pitched his tent in old Fort Augustus (Alberta).  

July 15:  Saskatchewan (River?) Valley, Pascal Breland, d-1896 Red River (Winnipeg?) son, Pierre Breland (1760-1829) and Louise Belly; married Marie Grant, born July 15, 1820 N.W., daughter James Grant, b-1796 and Marie Desmarais.

September 20:  (I)-David Thompson (1770-1857) and his trading party was served formal notice near Rocky Mountain House not to trade guns to the Kootenays.  An Iroquois member of the party informed Thompson there was another route over the mountains to the Kootenays by following the Athabaska River.  They journeyed to Jasper, established a trading post, with William Henry being in charge.  This post was known as Henry's House.

1812

Agathe Michel L'Iroquoise, b-1812 daughter Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782 Quebec and Marie Katis of the Sekanaise tribe of the Montagnais Nation; married August 21, 1838 Fort Carleton, (Saskatchewan), Brazil Larence, b-1789, Quebec.

Ignace LaMousse of Caughnawaga, Quebec arrived Alberta and by 1820 married a Flathead woman.  Two sons are known Charles and Francois LaMousse. 

Ignace Shonowane an Iroquois trader deserted the North West Company post at the Spokane River to join the the American post at the Columbia River's mouth.  By 1818 nearly a third on the Companies employees in the Columbia District were Iroquois traders.

1813

Jasper Hawes, a Northwest Trading Company clerk, established Jasper's House aka 1801 Fitzhugh Place, aka 1811 Henry's House.  It is noteworthy the Metis and Iroquois are in the area since 1790's and were using the Yellowhead pass.  Jasper's first house was located at Brule Lake (Metis Lake) then moved in 1830 to Devona Siding.

Purriche DeLonnie (Pierriche Delorme) is born at White Mud, (Alberta) (White Mud Creek?), the son of Pierre DeLonnie (Delorme) and Marguerite Cardinal; married, 1835, Fort Pitt (Saskatchewan), Angele Bourassa, b-1805, Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta) daughter Michel Francois Borrassa and Marguerite Beaulieu.

James Finley (1794-1853/54), Metis, of Alberta is at Spokane this year along with Jac Rap Finlay and Bonhomme Finlay all likely the sons Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828).  Rap Jun Finlay and Thorburn Finlay are at Fort George and also likely the sons Jacques Raphael (Jacko) Finlay, Metis (1768-1828) of Alberta.  The location of Miquam Raphael Finlay who was born Alberta is unknown but he married Agnes Paul daughter Aenas (Big Knife) Iroquois Paul and Mary Ukupa one hoof.. 

Therese Gray, Metis, b-1813, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), daughter, Thomas Gray and Marie Nipissing; married, 1825, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta), Charles Gladu, b-1810 son Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763 and Josephte Chartrand, b-1773.   

Joseph Ladouceur, b-1813, Beaver River (Alberta) married Julie Auger, (Alberta), b-1822 Lac La Biche (Alberta).

Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth Therese Gray, Metis daughter Thomas Gray and Marie Nipissing

1814

Jean Baptiste Beaulieu, b-1814, Lac La Biche (Alberta), married, 1840 Red River Josephite Richard.

Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) marriage Jacques Cardinal, Metis b-1798 Moose Mountain, near Fort Pitt (Alberta/Saskatchewan border) son Joseph Cardinal b-1756, Quebec, d-1854 and Lizette Maskegan (Rose Cree); married 1814, Lac La Biche (Alberta), Josephte Tcikak, b-1780.

Francois Decoigne of the N.W.C, is in charge of Rocky Mountain House (Alberta).  He is discharged from the company for taking 2 pieces from the depot and the HBC are quick to hire him at £100.

Antoine Wabasca Gladu, Metis, b-1814/17, North West son Charles Gladu and Marie Marguerite (Madeleine) Ross; married 1838, Josephte Marie Desjarlais, b-1823, died, February 8, 1849 Red River,

At Rosedale Flats below Fort Edmonton, between 1814 and 1870, are the graves of 65 people, mostly Metis.

Marguerite Trotter b-1798 married a man named Jutras who worked for the North West Company.  This year the Dakota attacked their canoe and Jutras fled to save his life leaving his wife and child to their fait.  Marguerite survived but her baby and the other N.W.C. men died.  Jutras tried to reunite with his wife later but was rejected.

The Iroquois are reported in the Athabasca Valley this year.

November:  Slave Lake (Alberta), birth, Joseph L'Hyrondelle, son Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) and Josephine Pilon; married, 1842 Fort Edmonton, (Alberta),  Marguerite Nepissing, Metis, b-1823, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), daughter Ignace Nepissing and Elizabeth Lizette Courteoreille.

1815

Rose (Rosalie) Berger is born Fort Edmonton (Fort Augustus/Meadows ?) daughter Jacques Berger and Cecile Dumont, Metis, born 1800; married Michel Patenaude Jr. Metis b-1808 Fort Edmonton, (Fort Augustus/Meadows ?) died 1875 South Saskatchewan River. 

Marguerite Brabant alias Salois, Metis, born 1815, Fort Edmonton (Fort Augustus/Meadows ?) (Alberta ) daughter Augustin Brabant and Angelique Sucier (Lucier), Metis, b-1800; married Joseph Edward Brazeau.

Sophie Collin, Metis, b-1815, Jasper House (Alberta), daughter Richard Collin, Metis and Genevieve Bruyere, Metis; married October 8, 1845, Fort des Prairies (Alberta), Jean Baptiste Gladu, b-1807 son Francois Gladu b-1763 and Josephte Chartrand, b-1773.

Antoine Dejarlois helped build Fort Waterloo (Lesser Slave Lake, Alberta) and his brothers Jean Baptiste Dejarlois and Joseph Dejarlois are well established and known in this area.

Pierre Gladu Sr., b-1815, N.W.T. son Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763 married about 1797, N.W.T.,  Josephte Cartrand, b-1773; married Nancy Dease, born July 26, 1825 N.W.T. daughter John Warren Dease Sr., b-1795 and Genevieve, b-1797.

Louis Guiboche alias the Pigeon a Metis joined the Hudson Bay Company, he was considered a 'Wilderness Pathfinder' and an interpreter and served at Fort Waterloo under John Lee Lewes Lesser Slave Lake.

British Columbia, marriage, Peter Hogden to Marie (Godin, Demontigny) Comptois, b-1795, daughter, of a man named Comptois and Suzette Godin.  Hogden epouse Josephte Fagnant, Metis, b-1799:  Marie Godin epouse 1820 Jasper House, (Alberta), Antoine Cardinal, Metis, b-1795 son Joseph Cardinal, b-1795 and Rose Cree.

John Rowand (1787-1854) of the NWC is said to have traveled the Carlton Trail from Red River to the Saskatchewan River.  This trail was also called the Victoria Trail, Fort Pitt Trail, Battleford Trail, Frog Lake Trail, Edmonton Trail and other names suggesting a destination.

 At Belly River, a Cree and Assiniboine party attacked a camp of Blood and Sarcee, killing four men and a woman. 

1816  

Pierre Bostonais, d-1827 aka Tete Jaune (meaning yellow head) an Iroquois Metis became a free guide and scout.  He obviously explored the passes over the Rocky Mountains.  The Yellow Head Highway was named after him.

Jane Howse, Metis b-1816 Saskatchewan living Lakeland eastern Alberta 1891.

Angelique Cardinal, Metis, b-1816, most likely Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) daughter, Jacques Cardinal, Metis b-1798 and Josephte Tcikak, b-1780; married September 17, 1832 Red River Joseph Bottineau, b-1810 son Charles Joseph Bottineau, born May 1, 1776, Berthier Enhaut, Quebec and Margaret (aka Marthe Clear Sky) Adik Songab.

(II)-James Curtis Bird (1773-1856) son (I)- James Bird a.k.a. James Curtis and Elizabeth Curtis, married at Cumberland House.  Elizabeth Oo-menahomiski is transferred to Carlton House until 1817, when he is made Acting Governor of Rupert's Land until 1818. 

Paul Niyawekanis Durand, Metis, b-1796 Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, married 1816, Fort Edmonton, (Fort Augustus/Meadows ?) Marie Ahskekahmuahtaht, 2nd marriage 1846 Fort Pitt, Saskatchewan, Kewtchit.

George Donald, Metis b-1816 N.W.T. married to Elizabeth Metis b-1834 N.W.T., living Fort Edmonton 1891. 

Nicholas Finlay b-1816 Alberta married Suzette (Josephte) b-1819 Oregon Territory daughter Cayuse and Palouse.

Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth, Baptiste L'Hyrondelle, b-1816, son Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) and Josephine Pilon; married, 1845, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), Catherine Loyer, Metis, born August, 1828, Jasper House (Alberta), daughter Louis Loyer and 1st wife Jennie Metis, Louis Loyer 2n'd marriage before 1840 Isabelle Gray, Metis (daughter Thomas Gray & Marie Nipissing.

Joseph Vivina, Metis, b-1816, Red River and both his parents were born in Red River which would be about 1796.  He married Mary Metis b-1821 N.W.T., living Fort Edmonton 1901.

Pope Pius VIII forbade the use of torture in the tribunals of the inquisition, though it would continue for twenty years.  The practice of torture existed for six centuries and eighty Popes, in a line, supported the practice or remained silent.

1817  

Pierre Birard is born Fort Carlton son Pierre Birard and Josephine Pincau.

Julia Daniel, Metis b-1817 Athabasca, living Strathcona, (Alberta) 1901.

Francois Decoigne formally of the N.W.C, is master of the HBC Athabasca District at £300.

Jean Baptiste Klyne, b-1817 NWT son Michel Klyne, b-1781, Canada married about 1807, Suzanne Lafrance, Metis, b-1790 North West Territories.

Francois Lemire, Metis, b-1817, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Pierce Lemire and Marie Blackfoot; married, 1853, Lac Saint Anne (Alberta), Susanne Boucher, Metis, b-1830 Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta) daughter Joseph Boucher and Marguerite Dupuis, Metis b-1802. 

John Lee Lewas re-established Fort Waterloo at the east end of Lesser Slave Lake having been destroyed by the NWC.  

(II)-William Sinclair, Metis. (1794-1868) who joined HBC in 1810 is posted Fort Waterloo, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta).  He was the son (I)-William Sinclair of Scotland and Margaret Nahoway Cree. 

Between 1817-1820 a large number of Metis and Indian settlers of Lesser Slave Lake relocated to Lac La Biche (Alberta). 

The North West Company built a trading post at Dog Rump Creek, that flows from Dog Lake in what is called Stony Plain by 1892.  The term Stony Plain was an area west of the future Fort Edmonton named after the Stony Indians who resided in the area since the early 1700's.

October 15:  John Lee Lewas wintered Red Deers Lake (Lac La Biche, Alberta).

1818

Edouard Berland, Metis, b-1819 son Jean Baptiste Berland and Susanne McLeod Nepissing; married 1836 Lac Ste Anne Genevieve Moignon

Julie Parisien, Metis, b-1818 Fort Edmonton (Alberta), daughter, Jean Baptiste Parisier (Parisien) and Susanne a Stony; married Antoine Houle.

Michel Normand, Metis b-1818 Saskatchewan, baptised 1821 Red River son Michel Normand b-1781 and Francoise Belanger b-1790; married to Rose Laplante b-1825 Red River, living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

1819

Bella Gauthier, Metis b-1819 N.W.T., living Spruce Grove, Alberta 1901.

Andrew Mowa, Metis b-1819 N.W.T. married about 1860 N.W.T. Isabel Metis b-1833 N.W.T, living Fort Edmonton 1891.

Antoine Savard, Metis b-1819 Alberta, married about 1867 Alberta, Marguerite Metis b-1820 Athabasca. living Alberta 1868, Athabasca 1877, Egg Lake, Alberta 1901.

Josephte (Suzette) Savard, b-1819, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Antoine Savard and Marie Vallee.

Hudson Bay Company records indicate seven North West Company posts on the North Saskatchewan River and three Hudson Bay Company posts, namely, Hudson House, near the forks of the north and south Saskatchewan Rivers, Fort George, to the West, and Fort Augustus in Edmonton.  Also recorded at this time are five North West Company posts in British Columbia and four North West Company posts north of Slave Lake.  There is no Hudson Bay Company post in these regions.

A measles epidemic hit the Edmonton (Alberta) area this year and next year and wiped out a third of the Blackfoot and Gros-Ventre peoples.

It is believed the Old Fort Augustus and New Edmonton house is occupied this year.  It is known that Fort Edmonton was rebuilt this year by the H.B.C. the HBC being absence from this area since the Indian rebellion of 1807.

Three years of currency inflation caused by the federally chartered Second Bank of the United States caused the economy to fall apart.

The Freeman (Metis) of French and Iroquois origin numbered 23 men, 16 women and 58 children are settled at Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta).

December:  Colin Robertson at Fort St. Mary recorded that Tete Jaune alias Pierre Bostonais d-1827 had provided him with a map of that country across the Rocky Mountains.

December 25:  Fort des Prairies (Edmonton, Alberta), birth Josette (Latour) Montour, married Antoine Bruse, born July 18, 1810 N.W. son Pierre Bruce and Marguerite Durocher.

1820

Victor Poisson Blanc Attekamek, Metis b-1820 Fort Edmonton (Alberta), son of a man named Poisson Blanc, a Canadian and Assonikekun, a Metis; married October 5, 1863, St. Albert, Catherine Durand aka Dumont, Metis, b-1823 Mountain Fort, daughter, Paul Niyawekanis Durand, Metis b-1796, Rocky Mountain House (Alberta) and Marie Ahskekahmuahtaht.

Jean Baptiste Belcourt Sr., b-1820 (Alberta), son Joseph Belcourt, d-1863 and Catherine L'Hyrondelle, b-1793, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta); married, 1836, Lac Ste Anne, (Alberta), Cecile Calliho, L'Iroquoise, b-1834, Peace River (Alberta), daughter, Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, born October 17, 1872, Quebec and Marie Tekanise Patenaude (1803-1854)..

Pierre Bostonais, d-1827 a yellow haired Iroquois Metis guided a H.B.C. party over the Rocky Mountains and returned the end of October the same year.  His brother Jean Baptiste Bostonais also a Iroquois Metis joined his brother in guiding.  Pierre was nicknamed "Tete Jaune" meaning Yellowhead because of his light-colored hair.  The mountain pass that has been in use for about 30 years was named Yellowhead Pass.

Augustin Bradant, Metis, married 1820, Fort Edmonton (Alberta), Angelique Lucier, Metis, b-1800, daughter Joseph Wa Wa Lucier and Snake Woman.  Angelique epouse Joseph Salos 1828.

Jasper House, marriage, Antoine Cardinal, Metis, b-1795 son Joseph Cardinal, soldat, b-1756, Quebec, died, 1854, Lac La Biche  (Alberta) and Rose Cree b-1794/95 or Lizette Maskegan; married Marie (Godin) Demontigny Comptois b-1795, daughter man named Comptois and Suzette Godin; Marie epouse, 1815 B.C., Peter Hodgen.

Jasper House, birth Michel Cardinal, Metis, b-1820 son Antoine Cardinal, Metis, b-1795 and Marie (Godin) Demontigny Comptois b-1795, Marie epouse 1815 B.C. Peter Hogden; married Marie Waniyandre daughter Louise Ignace Waniyandre.

Antoine alias Wabamun Desjarlais, Metis, b-1820, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Antoine Desjarlais and Napitch Cree; married 1850, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) Marie Julie or Catherine Kakatow Cree, b-1834, Pidgeon Lake (Alberta) died 1877 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta).

Francois Dumont, Metis b-1820 Alberta married Nancy Metis b-1835 Alberta living Duhamel, Alberta 1901.

Charles Glaudo, Metis reported Thomas Gray, Metis died at White Fish Lake and they were bad of the measles. 

Antoine Godin, Metis also born Fort Edmonton is the son of Godin and Josephine Cree Woman.

Piyetuwaham Godin, Metis, b-1820, Beaver Hills (Alberta), died October 1870 son Godin a French Canadian and a native woman; married Sophie a Metis.

Jasper House, birth, Isabelkle Karaconti, Metis, b-1820 Jasper House, died 1888 Jasper House daughter Ignace Karacont L'Iroquoise, (1880-1890) and Anne of the Sekanaise tribe (Montiagnais nation) Sekana; married Jean Baptiste Waniyande, Metis, died 1876, son Louis Ignace Waniyande Sr., and Marie Walker:  

Louise Ladouceur, b-1820, Lac La Biche (Alberta), married September 14, 1842, Fort des Prairie (Fort Edmonton, Alberta), Joseph Nabestiwayan Beaudry son Joseph Beaudry dit Gaudry and Suzanne Latour.

Alexis L'Hyrondelle, b-1820, most likely Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) and Josephine Pilon; married Josephte Amyotte

Mary Le Roc Metis b-1820, Alberta living Wetaskiwan, Alberta 1901.

Jean Baptiste Moreau, Metis b-1820, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter  Jean Baptiste Moreau French Canadian and Charlotte Lafeville aka (LaFeuille - Gariepy - Vallie - Vallee etc.) Metis. 

Lea Suzanne, Metis b-1820 N.W.T., living Edmonton 1901.  

Angelique Vallee, Metis, is born Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter, Autoine Vallee and Suzanne Lefebvre; married, 1835, Fort Edmonton, (Alberta) Louis Leblanc.

December 20:  Great Slave Lake, birth Pierre Laferte died after 1901, married Marianne Genereuse.

1821  

Jean Baptiste Bourassa, b-1821, Fort Edmonton (Alberta), died October 19, 1882 son Michel Francois Bourassa and Marguerite Beaulieu; married, 1842, Red River Madeline Pelletier, Metis, b-1826, Red River, daughter, Joseph Pelletier, Metis, b-1787 and Genevieve Hallet, Metis, b-1800 Fort Pelly (Saskatchewan), died 1890 Fort Ellice, Manitoba.

Paul Boucher, Metis, b-1821, son Paul Boucher Sr., Metis, and Francoise St. Germain, Metis; married Louise Marcellais, Metis, b-1825 Assiniboia des Metis Settlement daughter Jean Baptiste Sr, Metis, b-1767 and Angelique Assiniboine (Native), b-1785 or Marie Wilkie, Metis, b-1810.  The reference to Assiniboia Settlement could reference Red River, White Horse Plains, Wood Mountain or even as far west as Medicine Hat.

Marie Cartier, Metis, born June 21, 1821, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Cartier a Whiteman and La8i8le Gladu a Metis; married, 1835, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) Pierre Chalifoux, born March 20, 1806, Lac Poisson Blanc son Charles Chalifoux and Suzette Chalifoux, Metis.

Susan DeGuine, Metis b-1821, Alberta living Lakeland eastern Alberta 1891.

J. L. Descharme b-1821 Red River, married, Julia, b-1851 Red River, living Calgary, (Southern Alberta) 1891.

Joseph Beaudry (Beaudrie), a.k.a. Old Goudrie, a former North West Company man, is working Fort Edmonton as a canoe middleman until 1823.  His wife is named Karorwaste.

Jasper House (Alberta), birth Jean Baptiste Waniyande, Metis, died 1876, son Louis Ignace Waniyande Sr., and Marie Walker:  married Isabelkle Karaconti, Metis, b-1820 Jasper House (Alberta), died 1888 Jasper House (Alberta) daughter Ignace Karacont L'Iroquoise, (1780-1890) and Anne of the Sekanaise tribe (Montiagnais nation) Sekana.

The North West Company and  the Hudson Bay Company merge.  John Rowand (1787-1854) of the North West Company became a Chief Trader in the new Hudson Bay Company at Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches, which retained the North West Company name. But Fort Augustus would become Fort Edmonton after the Hudson Bay Company name.

December 24:  Jasper House (Alberta), birth, Noel Courtepatte son man named Courtrpatte and Jane Bruyere; married, 1848, Lac Ste Anne, (Alberta), Nancy Campion, Metis, b-1832 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Joseph Sapin dit Campion, b-1797 and Marie Nepissing, b-1810 (daughter Ignace commandant Nepissing and Elisabeth Lizette Courteoreville).

1822

Josephte Kwarkwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1822, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Louis Kwarkwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782, Montreal and Josephte Patenaude, b-1820 (must be a second wife?); married 1836 Charles Beauregard, d-1885.

Susanne Desjarlais, b-1822, Big Lake aka St. Albert, daughter Joseph Desjarlais (1782-1794?)

Marie Anne Karaconti L'Iroquoise, b-1822, Rocky Mountain House (Alberta) daughter  Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782 Quebec and Marie Katis of the Sekanaise tribe of the Montagnais Nation; married 1848 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Simon Wanut.

Colin Robertson is temporary Chief Factor at Edmonton, House and unhappy with his assignment..

Donald McKenzie and John Rowand (1787-1854) rebuilt Chesterfield House for the Hudson Bay Company and again abandoned it in 1823.  The Hudson Bay Company sent a big party of men to the Bow River.  All attempts to secure the Bow River, the place of bow making, failed.  The Blackfoot Confederation rejected the intrusion of their homeland by refusing to trade.  John Rowland (Rowand) (1787-1854) then sent (II)-James (Jimmy Jock) Bird (1785-1892) into the southern district to learn the Blackfoot language and, hopefully, win the Blackfoot, Blood and Piegan as trade customers for the company.  Jimmy Jock, a Metis, learned the language, married a Piegan woman and was adopted into the tribe.  He became, for all practical purposes, an Indian, then a Piegan Chief traveling into Montana and North Dakota.  He could speak English, French, Cree, Blackfoot and Assiniboine.  The H.B.C. at Fort Edmonton was bewildered as Chief Jimmy Jock played the H.B.C. against the American Fur Companies for the best terms.  The Americans were so angry at the lack of loyalty that it was said a $500.00 reward was offered for his termination.  It is noteworthy that there appears to be two Rowand/Rowland's in Early Alberta. 

(III)-Antoine Munroe, Metis, b-1822, Alberta, son (II)-Hugh Munroe, b-1784 and Sranopa Otokan Blackfoot; married 1855 Lac Ste Anne (Devil Lake, Alberta), Anne Genevieve Campion, Metis, b-1835 Lesser Slave Lake, daughter Joseph Sapin dit Campion, b-1797 and Marie Nipissing, b-1810..

The first Negro in Alberta was a great curiosity to the natives and the favorite of native women.

Louis Vallee, b-1822, son Antoine Vallee and Susanne Lefebvre; married January 15, 1844, Fort des Prairies, (Edmonton,Alberta), Louise Durand, died July 4, 1871 daughter Paul Niyawekanis Durandb-1796, Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches; married 1816 Fort Edmonton, (Alberta) Marie Ahskekahmuhtaht. 

November 2:  Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth, Angelique L'Hyrondelle, daughter Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) and Josephine Pilon;  married 1843, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Oliver Laderoute, b-1806, Montreal, Quebec, died March 23, 1876 St. Albert (Alberta) son Seguin Laderoute and a French Canadian: Oliver 1st married 1835 Cumberland House (Saskatchewan) Angelique dit Bradent Maskegan.

December, Manson, Munro, Douglas and the balance of the Bow River Expedition returned to Edmonton House, all reduced to skeletons.  The expedition was a total failure.

1823

John Bussette, b-1823, in the Rocky Mountains west of Calgary, Alberta.

Charlotte (Katrine) Gladu, Metis, b-1823, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Francois Gladu, Metis and Marie Onahogeesigo; married 1845, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), Pierre Montagnais a Chippewyan.

William Gonon, Orkney Island b-1823 married to Sara Metis b-1833 Red River living Alberta 1868, living Lakeland, eastern Alberta 1891.

J.M. McLeod of HBC entered the Nahanni Valley to determine the fur potential and concluded they were not good.

Pierre Chrysologue Pambruin, born December 19, 1792, Quebec married 1823,  Lesser Slave Lake; married 1854 Lac La Biche (Alberta) Catherine (Kittt) Humphreyville, Metis, b-1805 daughter Thomas Hunphreyville Sr., and 1st married 1804 Ann a Native, 2nd marriage 1814 NWT Hannak (Anna) Turner. 

Charlotte (Katrine) Gladu, Metis, b-1823, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), daughter Francois Gladu, Metis and Marie Onahugeesigo, Metis; married 1845, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), Pierre Montagnais a Chippewyn.

James Pruden, Metis b-1823 Alberta married likely Beaver Lake region Genievia Metis b-1827 Alberta. 

Abraham Salois, Metis b-1823 Alberta married about 1873 likely Duhamel, Alberta Susanna Metis b-1814, Alberta

The Beaver under command of Pouce Coupe (Cut thumb) attacked the Fort commanded by James Hughes killing him and his men and burned the for for failure to trade.  Jean Baptiste Lefleur and another French employee returned from hunting to discover the remains.  The Beaver provided these two survivors with a canoe and dried meat and saw they safely down to Fort Dunvegan.  About this time the Sickannies, a branch of the Beaver, destroyed Fort Nelson 300 miles to the N.W., killing Alexander Henry and all his men.

Having failed at Chesterfield house, John Rowand (1787-1854) is assigned Chief Factor to the well-established Fort Augustus; that was renamed Fort Edmonton.  He arrived this year with his Indian wife, Louis Umphreville, and Metis children.  Fort Augustus, at this time, was producing York boats and bags of pemmican for the fur trade.  They traded with the Assiniboine, Cree, Blackfoot, Sarcee, Gros-Ventre, Piegan and Blood.  Christmas dinner at Fort Edmonton usually featured unborn buffalo, removed from the cow and boiled whole.  The Parkland Assiniboine, Cree and Metis, near Fort Edmonton, numbered 20 tents, and the Strong Wood Assiniboine numbered 40 tents.  This is interesting in that Metis are not usually noted separate from the Indians, although they often traveled with them.

The H.B.C. built Fort Assiniboine (Barrhead, Alberta).

January 11:  The balance of the Bow River Expedition, including Harriott, arrived Edmonton House in a sorry state.  

October 1:  Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth, Michel Callio, Metis, died April 6, 1911, son Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782, Chaughawaga, Montreal and Mare Tekanise Patenaude, Metis, of the Sekanaise tribe of the Montagnais nation, (1803-1854); married April 20, 1846, Fort Edmonton (Alberta), Marie Savard (1828-1869), daughter Antoine Savard and Marianne Vallee.

November 15:  Saskatchewan Valley, birth Elizabeth Betsey Fisher, daughter Henry Fisher, b-1800 and Marguerite Laframboise; married, Louis Bousequet, b-1823 son Louis Bousequet and Marie Vallee.

November 28:  Alberta, birth, Joseph Belcourt son Joseph Belcourt d-1863 and Catherine L'Hyrondelle, b-1793, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta); married, February 23, 1846, Fort des Prairies (Edmonton, Alberta), Madeleine Sapin dit Campion daughter Joseph Sapin dit Campion, b-1797 and Marie Nepissing, b-1810.

1824  

Antoine Blandion 1st married 1835 Big Lake (St. Albert, Alberta) Catherine Berland; 2nd marriage 1939, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) Marie Desjarlais, b-1824, Lac La Biche (Alberta).  

Francois Boucher Jr. b-1824 married most likely McKenzie River 1868/69 Elizabeth Native.

Francois Payasis Desjarlais, b-1824 Beaver River, son Joseph Desjarlais and Josephte Suzette Cardinal, b-1800, Lac La Biche des Metis; married 1844 Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) Euplrosine Auger Metis, b-1828 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) daughter Antoine Augustin Auger and Marie Nippissing.

Charles Johnson, Metis b-1824 Hudson Bay married about 1869 Alberta Agathe Metis b-1846 Peace River living Alberta 1870, living Lakeland eastern Alberta 1891.

John Rowand (1787-1854) entered into an agreement with Cardinal and Freeman to make a road, or horse track, from Fort Assiniboine House to Edmonton, a seventy mile portage.  This, he hoped, would ensure that the Saskatchewan would remain the major highway and would ensure the position of Fort Edmonton as the gateway to the north.

August 27:  Lesser Slave Lake, birth, Pierre Chrysologue Pambruin Jr.; married 1854 Lac La Biche  (Alberta) Elizabeth Quintel, b-1833 Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta)

1825

Marie Anelia b-1825 Alberta, 1901 census says mother to Agustus Anelia b-1873 Alberta but must be grandmother.

Augustin Auger, Metis, b-1825, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Antoine Augustin Auger and Marie Nippissing; 1st married 1848, Fort Edmonton, (Alberta), Rosalie Labonne; 2nd marriage, 1861, Fort Edmonton, (Alberta), Sylvie Bruneau, b-1845, Lac La Biche (Alberta), daughter Michel Joachim Bruneau b-1806 and Marie Catherine Ladouceur, b-1810.

Pierre Bostonais, d-1827, aka Tete Jaune, a yellow haired Iroquois Metis guided a party over the Rocky mountains to Tete Jaune's Cache, B.C.

Jean Baptiste Letendre dit Batoche aka Okimawaskawikinam b-1762, Quebec is at Rocky Mountain House, aka Poste de la Montagne de Roches.

Eustache Bernard, b-1829, Fort Edmonton son Louis Berard, b-1796 and Catherine Hughes; 2nd married, 1854 Red River Marguerite Primeau, b-1836 Fort Alexander, NWT daughter Joseph Primeau (1785-1875) married 1824, Josephte Dion and 1st marriage 1836, Marguerite Bethsy Stevenson, Metis, b-1807 York Factory, died 1901.

Joseph Beaudry (Beaudrie) a.k.a. Old Goudrie, a former North West Company man and HBC man, is working Fort Carlton as a freeman until 1828, and ran an outfit until 1846 when he retired to Red River where he died December 29, 1863 .  His wife is named Karorwaste.

Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) birth Michel Cardinal, Metis, b-1825 son Antoine Cardinal, Metis, b-1795 and Marie (Godin) Demontigny Comptois b-1795, Marie epouse 1815 B.C. Peter Hogden; married 1849, White Fish Lake, Athabasca, Catherine Pakakoos, b-1828 daughter Antoine Sakapwan Kamaspwapasuy.

Pierre Cardinal dit Tiblay, Metis, b-1825, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta), son Joseph Cardinal, Metis, (1794-1854) and Lizette Maskegan (others suggest son Joseph Cardinal, b-1756 Wuebec and Rose Cree); married 1849 White Fish Lake, Athabasca, Catherine Pakakoos b-1828 daughter Antoine Sakapwan and Kamaspwapasuy, 2nd marriage 1882 Peace Hills, Isabelle Durand, Metis, b-1846, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter Paul Niyawekanis Durand and Susanne Kewtchit..

Francois Dumont Metis, b-1825, Fort Edmonton, son Gabriel Dumont, Metis, b-195/1801 and Suzanne Lusser, Metis; married 1859 Lac Ste Anne, Nancy Gladu, Metis, b-1834, Lesser Slave Lake daughter Charles Gladu, b-1810 and Therese Gray, Metis, b-1813, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta).

Charles Gladu, b-1810, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta) son Francois Gladu, born December 25, 1763, married, about 1797, N.W.T.,  Josephte Chartrand,  b-1773; married 1825, Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne Alberta), Therese Gray, Metis, b-1813, Lesser Slave Lake, daughter Thomas Gray and Marie Nipissing.

Pierre L'Hyrondelle, b-1825, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Jacques L'Hyrondelle and Josephte Pilon; married 1850 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Marguerite Boucher, Metis, daughter Joseph Boucher and Marguerite Dupuis, Metis, b-1802.

Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth, Pierre L'Hyrondelle, son, Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) and Josephine Pilon;  married 1850, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Marguerite Boucher, Metis, daughter Joseph Boucher and Marguerite Dupus, Metis, b-1802 daughter Jean Baptiste Dupus and Marie Native.

Fort Edmonton, birth Genevieve Picard, Metis, b-1825, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter Joseph Picard, died February 22, 1850 Pembina, North Dakota and Lalouise Metis; married 1842 (IV)-Joseph Cadotte, Metis, b-1813 son Laurent Cadotte, born February 8, 1766, Bastican, Quebec and Suzanne Mackegone Cree.

L. Robeson b-1825 Red River, a horseman, living Calgary, Alberta 1891.

John Rowand (1787-1854) became Chief Factor at Fort Edmonton and a member of the council of Rupertsland a few years later.

Alfred Rabasca dit Schmidt, Metis, b-1825, Slave Lake, died 1901, son Peter Rabasca dit Schmidt and Marie Ann Cree.

Antoine Savard, b-1825, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) son Antoine Savard and Marianne Vallee; married, 1849, Marguerite Bisson, b-1831, Slave Lake, daughter Jean Baptiste Bisson and Rosalie Simon. 

Francois Villeneuve, b-1825, married September 12, 1842, Fort des Prairies, (Edmonton,Alberta) Helene Vallee, b-1828 daughter Antoine Vallee and Susanne Lefibvre.

Louis Ignace Waniyande, b-1825, Jasper House, died March,1874, son Louis Ignace Naniyande Sr. and Marie Walker; married Lisette Courteoeille, b-1829, N.W.T.

Edmonton is producing barley and potatoes; but spring and fall frosts spoiled the wheat crop.

1826

Antoine Auger, b-1826, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta) son Antoine Augustin Auger and Marie Madeleine Klyne, b-1808;  married 1848, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Louise Boucher, Metis, b-1832, Battle River Settlement (Alberta), son Joseph Boucher and Marguerite Dupis, Metis, b-1802.

John Anbichon Cardinal, Metis, b-1826, Lac La Biche (Alberta) son Jacques Cardinal, Metis, b-1798 Moose Mountain, Fort Pitt, (Saskatchewan), and Marguerite Desjarlais or Robinson; married 1856 Lac La Biche (Alberta), Cecile Labonne, Metis, b-1839, Lac Poisson Blanc, daughter Basile Labonne and Nanette Cardinal, Metis, b-1814.

Tete Jaune aka Pierre Bostonais, d-1827 a yellow haired Iroquois Metis guided is reported sick at Fort Alexander.

Nancy Cardnell, Metis b-1826 Alberta, living Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta 1901.

Joseph Faillant Metis b-1826 Alberta married to Marguerite Metis b-1830 Alberta, living St. Albert, Alberta 1901.

James Laframboise, Metis b-1826 N.W.T., a hunter, a daughter or second marriage to Elise Metis b-1853 N.W.T., associated children are Frank b-1883 N.W.T., John b-1884 N.W.T., Patrick b-1885 N.W.T., Susan b-1886 N.W.T., Riel b-1888 N.W.T., Marie b-1889 N.W.T.  All living Medicine Hat, Southern Alberta 1891. 

James M. L'Hirondell, Metis b-1826 N.W.T., living Calgary, Southern Alberta 1891.

John McLeod (1788-1849) departed Fort Edmonton for Kamloops, B.C.

Alexis (Bob Tail) Piche, Metis, b-1826 on the Saskatchewan River (Alberta), son Alexis Piche and Opeh-tah-she-toy-wishk; married 1849, Pidgeon Lake (Alberta), Catherine Cardinal aka Catherine Pierre, b-1828, Lac La Biche (Alberta), daughter, Pierre Eia-io-wew and Marie Catherine Cardinal, b-1800 Fort Edmonton, Alberta) 

Isabel Russell b-1826 N.W.T. living Battle River, Alberta 1891.

David Sanderson aka Little Bow, Metis, b-1831 Red Deer and Saskatchewan River area, son Attiah Piss aka Littlebow and Nancy Ann Whitford, Metis, b-1801; married 1842, Red River, Nancy Anderson, Metis, b-1826, Red River daughter John Anderson, b-1804 NWT and Marie Anne Desmarais, Metis, b-1804.

Simon Whiteford, Metis b-1826 Alberta married about 1882 Alberta Francis Metis b-1855 Alberta living Pakan, Alberta 1901.

After the merger of the North West Company and the Hudson Bay Company, John Rowand (1787-1854) retained his position as Chief Factor of Saskatchewan as well as the Edmonton Territories.  Rowand (1787-1854) sent William McGillivray, a Metis, and others to live with the Piegan in order to halt the advance of American traders from the south.  Governor (I)-George Simpson (1787-1860) an illegitimate Scot considered Rowand (1787-1854) the most active and best qualified, for the troublesome charge he has gotten, of any man in the Indian country.  He is warm hearted and friendly, to an extraordinary degree, to those he takes a liking to; but on the contrary his prejudices are exceedingly strong.  He has a fiery disposition, is as strong as a lion and rules with a rod of iron.  He will not tell a lie in public, and that is very uncommon in this country.  But he has sufficient address to evade the truth when it suits his person.  Others less kind considered him a bully and a tyrant.  On the positive side, he insisted that his men provide for their Metis children and even for their native women.  (I)-George Simpson (1787-1860) an illegitimate Scot is considered a bully and tyrant himself, holding Indians and Metis in contempt..

Old Bow Fort (Morley, Alberta) was established by McDonald, Monroe, Colin Fraser, John Edward, Harriet, and Jimmy Jock (James Bird).

October 14:  Near Edmonton Post the plains are on fire and the Post residents speculated that it must be either done accidentally by Joseph La Doceur tenting with our hunters or by those roving scoundrels the Stone Indians who have a full power of doing such an injury out of revenge.  On October 9, some Stony Indians were severely reprimanded by the Chief Factor of Edmonton House for attempting to steal horses.

1827  

Paul Blondin, b-1827, Slave Lake (Alberta) son Pierre Blondin, b-1792 and Marie Gray, b-1795; married 1st Marie Metis; married 2nd 1855 Esther Robillard, Metis, born October 1836 Devil's Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta) daughter Jean Baptiste Robillard and Marie Rose Antoinette Lagimodiere, Metis.

Jasper House, birth Julia Judith Cardinal, Metis, b-1827 daughter Antoine Cardinal, Metis, b-1795 and Marie (Godin) Demontigny Comptois b-1795, Marie epouse 1815 B.C. Peter Hogden; married September 13, 1844 Fort Des Prairie (Fort Edmonton, Alberta), Narcisse Morrissette.

Mary Findley, b-1827, Jasper House (Alberta) married 1844 Lac Ste Anne (Alberta) Thomas Karaconti Callihoo, Metis, (1830-1874) son Louis Kwarakwentha Callihoo L'Iroquoise, b-1782 Quebec and Marie Katis of the Sekanaise tribe of the Montagnais Nation.

Charles Johnson b-1827 Red River married about 1869 likely Red River Agathe Metis b-1837 Alberta living Lac La Biche, (Alberta) 1901.

Pierre L'Hyrondelle, b-1827, Lesser Slave Lake, married to Marguerite Boucher.

Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta), birth, Jean Baptiste (Kakakekamik) Moise, Metis, b-1827, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta), son man named Moise and Susanne Decoine, Metis, b-1807 Lesser Slave Lake; 1st married 1844 Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) Charlotte Wapisiokowan; 2nd married 1856 Madeleine Abraham, 3rd marriage 1860, Therese Bethleham, 4th marriage 1869 Emilie, 5th marriage Angelique Ducharme.  This is likely an error, some marriages likely apply to one or more of his sons

Philip Tate b-1827 Red River, married about 1871 N.W.T., Ann Metis b-1839 N.W.T., living Edmonton 1901.

February 5:  Fort Edmonton (Alberta), birth James McKay, son, James McKay, b-1800 and Marguerite Gladu, b-1808; married Margaret Rowand, born September 5, 1825, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) daughter, John (Ignace) Rowand and Louise. 

1828  

Jeanne Beloni, Metis b-1828 N.W.T., living Edmontron 1901.

Antoine (Mustalip) Cardinal, Metis, b-1828, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) son Jacques Cardinal, Metis, b 1798 and Josephte Tcikak, b-1780; married 1858 Lac La Biche (Alberta), Marie (Lafourche) Cardinal (Okisto daughter Antoine (Okeestole) Cardinal, b-1846, Lac La Biche des Metis (Alberta) and Cecile Boucher.

Margaret Finlay, Metis, b-1828 Alberta died Montana married William (Asselin) Ashley born before 1828 son Jean Pierre Asselin and Rosalie Cree.

Marie Maifnon is born Fort Edmonton daughter Jean Baptiste Maifnon and Iskowassis Indian Woman.

(II)-James McKey (1828-1879) a Metis is born Fort Edmonton son (I)-James McKay Sr. of Sutherlandshire, Scotland, a Hudson Bay Company steerman from 1816 to 1840, and Margaret Gladu, daughter of Charles Gladu and Margaret Ross.  James would later marry Margaret Rowland (Rowand?) possible daughter John Rowand (1787-1854).

May 11:  Colin Campbell b-1787 River Beaudette, Ontario arrived Fort Vermilion, Alberta with Baptiste (old) LaFleur, interpreter since 1803, I. Baptiste Errand, engage, Mer (Bernard) Mannville of Fort Vermilion, Charles Lefleur, A. Page, freeman and a Beaver Indian.  Passengers include C. Campbell, wife an our six children.   

August:  Jasper House, (Alberta), birth, Catherine Loyer; Metis, daughter Louis Loyer and Jenne Metis, married, 1845, Lesser Slave Lake,  Jean Baptiste L'Hyrondelle, b-1816, Lesser Slave Lake and Josephte Pilon.

August 27:  Governor (I)-George Simpson (1787-1860) an illegitimate Scot  arrived Fort Vermilion with two canoes and 19 men on their way to New Caledonia.

1829  

Elizabeth Belcourt, b-1829, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), daughter, Joseph Belcourt, d-1863 and Catherine L'Hyrondelle, b-1793 Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta); married 1842 Devil Lake (Lac Ste Anne, Alberta), Anne Xavier Pante, b-1824, Red River.

Eustache Berard, Metis, b-1829/31, Fort Edmonton (Alberta) son Louis Berard, b-1796 and Catherine Hughes, Metis, b-1799; married, 1854, Red River, Marguerite Primeau, b-1836, Fort Alexander, N.W.T. 

Marie Boucher, Metis b-1829 Alberta living Pincher Creek, Alberta 1901.

Jasper House, North West Territories, birth  Andre Cardinal b-1829 Jasper House, Metis was a guide for the McMicking part of 1862.

Baptiste Courtepatte, b-1829, Jasper House (Alberta), died after 1901, son of a man named Courtepatte and Jane Bruyere; married December 28, 1850, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), Josephte Belcourt, born October 5, 1833, Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), died after 1901. daughter Joseph Belcourt, d-1863 and Catherine L'Hyrondelle, b-1793 daughter Jacques L'Hyrondelle and Josephte Pilon.

Jasper Hawse built Jasper House at the north end of Brule Lake for the HBC.  The NWC had established their first Jasper trading place in 1801.

Kenneth McDonald b-1829 Scotland, married about 1869 likely Fort Edmonton, Emma Metis b-1833 Alberta, living Edmonton 1901.

Isabelle Plante, Metis b-1829 Alberta mother Gaspard Plante b-1875 (1865?) Alberta, living Lac Ste Anne 1901.

Fort Pitt was established this year on the North Saskatchewan River between Fort Callton and Fort Edmonton.

It was estimated that 10,000 (likely exaggerated) buffalo carcasses lay mired in a single ford of the Saskatchewan River contaminating the air for many miles.

January 5:  Lesser Slave Lake (Alberta), birth Rosaline L'Hyrondelle, daughter Jacques L'Hyrondelle (L'Hirondelle) and Josephine Pilon;  married September 1847, Lac Ste Anne (Alberta), (II)-John Cunningham, Metis, b-1815, Red River des Metis (Manitoba), son (I)-Patrick Cunningham, an Irishman and Nancy Ann Bruce, Metis.

July 15:  North Saskatchewan River in the Rocky Mountains (Alberta), birth Louis Pelletier or Campbell, Metis, son Pierriche (Pierre) Pelletier or Campbell and Marguerite Cardinal; married 1845,  Fort Jasper (Alberta), Marie Karaconti.

Back to Top

ALBERTA HISTORY 1850-1869