The "Donation of Constantine" a crudely forged document
is used to claim the Roman Church domination
over all the other Western Churches.
EUROPEAN & ASIAN HISTORY 830 - 899
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750
Some suggest that the Viking are farmers and the Christians refused to trade with pagans so they turned to raiding to acquire trade goods.
The Viking penetrated into south Russia mixing with the Iranian Rus tribes. The Moslems and Tibetans drove out the Chinese.
Zacharias (741-752) bishop of Rome issued his momentous ruling of might is right. He stated it is better for the Royal title to belong to him who exercised effective power than to him who had none. This papal ruling would be used to justify deposition of Kings and bishops. Reports suggest that the roads leading to Rome are lined with brothels staffed by Germanic-English nuns who had failed to reach their destination.
The first recorded account of Abu Al-Qasin Muhammed Ibn Abd Al-Muttalib Ibn Hdshim (570-632) of Sadi Arabia was published this year by Ibn Ishaq, some one hundred and eighteen years after his death. These original writings are lost so the actual know source is much later than this time period.
The Satsumon culture of Japan existed 750 to 1150 A.D.
752
King Pepin the Short (747-768) deposed King Childerich II (742-752) on advice of the bishop of Rome. He had four wives and twelve concubines during his life time, decided to assume the title of King and requested Zacharies (741-752) bishop of Rome a Greek to anoint him King. The bishop of Rome agreed that for the welfare of the realm, of the Franks, the real holder of the royal power should also bear the title. The Merovingian rulers are relegated to a monastery. Stephen II (752-752) is elected bishop of Rome and died within two days before consecration and is included or excluded on the various lists of bishop of Rome depending on differing theologies. Stephen II (or III) (752-757) a Roman is elected bishop of Rome. The Lombard King Aistulf (749-756) having conquered Ravenna considered Rome his fief and began exacting an annual tax from every inhabitant.
Mark suggests: "(Pepin III or Pepin the short (le bref), had one wife and three children all named after Pepin’s father Charles. (Note: The daughter is rarely mentioned in records). Most records of Pepin the Short claim that he coveted the crown. While most people of that era believed that to be true. It was more because they wanted him to claim the crown. Bottom line, when it came time for the coronation he said to the people “you can call me King if you like, but I don’t accept the title” )"
754
A great synod of the Christian Church is conducted at Constantinople attended by 338 bishops. They launched a most vehement of all attacks on image worshippers.
Stephen III (752-757) bishop of Rome first requested help from Constantinople before turning to the Franks after his request is ignored.
Stephen III (752-757) bishop of Rome journeyed to visit King Pepin (751-768) of the Franks. In robes of black, his hair covered in ashes, the bishop of Rome knelt at the King's feet, imploring him to use his armies to save the affairs of St. Paul and St. Peter and the community of Rome. Before the assembled nobility the bishop of Rome again crowned him King and proclaimed his sons Carlomin and Charles I, the future Charlemagne, and conferred on all three the title of Roman Patrician. This is a brilliant but immoral move by the Vatican to make the Franks dynasty, the Carolingians, subject to Rome through the act of anointing. Stephen III bishop of Rome send a crudely forged document to convince the King that Constantine had given the Roman Church dominion over all the Western Empire. This infamous document is called the 'Donation of Constantine' and is used until the twentieth century. This Church deception would continue down the ages. He however got King Pepin to agree to defend the Secular Holy Roman Empire against the Lombards and that is his primary objective. King Pepin defeated the Lombards on two occasions giving the lands of the former exarchate of Ravenna to the bishop of Rome which including the city of Rome, that formed the basis of the Papal States. King Pepin for his part received more than half of the Italian peninsula.
756
Emperor Suzong of China reigned (756-762)
The Lombard King Aistulf (749-756) died and Stephen III (752-757) bishop of Rome successfully backed Desiderius of Tuscany (757-774) as King of the Lombards in exchange for Bologna and several other cities. The bishop of Rome convinced the dukes of Spoleto and Benevento to split from the Lombards and align with the Franks under King Pepin the Short (741-768).
757
The Germanic Anglo-Saxon King Offa of Mercia (757-796) claimed kingship of the Germanic-English, building an earth wall the length of the Welsh border to keep out those troublesome Celts. The Celts used square farms as their light ploughs could easily turn corners whereas the Germanic-Saxon used heavy ploughs resulting in long thin fields. The Celt tradition would be carried to Canada and the prairies in the nineteen-century and the Germanic-Saxon tradition would enter Canada via the French in the seventeenth century.
St Paul I (757-767) a Roman brother of Stephen II(752-757) is elected bishop of Rome with a hostile being unhappy with the French alliance. The King Desiderius the Lombard (757-774) refused to hand over several cities promised to Stephen II bishop of Rome or securing his throne.
758
King Desiderius the Lombard (757-774) subjugated Spoleto and Benevento and negotiated with Byzantium, Emperor Constantine V (741-775) for a military alliance to re-conquer Ravenna. The King made it very clear that the bishop of Rome must release all Lombard hostages held by the Franks before any concessions are considered.
762
Emperor Daizong of China reigned (762-779)
763
Rome, Alexander, Antioch and Jerusalem united to protest the persecution of image-worshippers in Constantine.
765
Emperor Constantine V (741-775) sent envoys to the Frankish court to support iconoclism and to detach the Franks from Rome. The Franks rejected the proposal.
767
The severe and oppressive administration of Paul I bishop of Rome incensed the people. Constantine (767-768) obtained the papacy by force. The Clerical Party of Rome under Christopher approached duke Spoleto and the Lombard King Desiderius (757-774) to remove the anti-bishop of Rome in Rome.
768
The Lombards carried out a coup in Rome captured Constantine bishop of Rome and elected their own Bishop Philip (768-768). Philip the anti-bishop of Rome is captured and taken to Constantine bishop of Rome where he recanted and is freed. Stephen III (768-772) a Sicilian is elected anti-bishop of Rome and his men dragged Constantine the elected bishop of Rome round the city stripping him of the papal insignia of office and gouged out his eyes. The acts of his election signed by all the clergy are destroyed and he is declared an anti-bishop of Rome.
In Germanic tradition, all sons inherited equally, thereby dividing Kingdoms into minor states. At King Pepin's death, (Charles I) King Charlemagne (768-814) came to the French throne with his brother Carloman who lacked ambition and his early death left a sole ruler.
King Charlemagne (768-814) son King Pepin the Short (747-768) ruled the Franks. King Carloman (768-771) son King Pepin the Short (747-768) also ruled the Franks.
769
French King Charlemagne (768-814) hosted a synod that included 13 Frankish bishops to restore canonical order. The synod validated Stephen's bishop of Rome election, prescribed that only deacons and cardinal priests are eligible for election as bishop of Rome and that laity should have no vote in elections. They condemned iconoclastic and approved veneration of images.
770
The Viking displaced the Westman (Celt-Pict) people from the coastal settlements of Ireland and Scotland. Most of Ireland is in Viking hands and some Irish fled to Iceland.
The Lombards refused to hand over promised cities to Rome. The marriage of the Frank (Charles I) King Charlemagne (768-814) to the daughter of Lombard King Desiderius (757-774) horrified Stephen III (768-772) bishop of Rome who called the union devilish. The bishop of Rome called it a breach of the solemn pact between Frankish Royal House and St. Peter. The bishop of Rome intrigued (including murder) to undermine the Frankish party in Rome. This contributed to the Frank King Charles repudiating his Lombard wife making the Lombard King Desiderius a mortal foe.
771
Frankish King Charles I (768-814) the Great Emperor had control of Austria, southern Germany, Netherlands, Belgium and France. Working with the anti-bishop of Rome Stephen III (768-772) he subdued the Lombard in Italy all the way to Rome.
772
Ghawa (Kumbi) aka Ghana, Africa is first mentioned this year as the Land of Gold. The kings of Ghana are considered the wealthiest of all kings on the earth. Ghana means warrior king. The Soninke People occupies this region. The Soninke didn't mine gold they only controlled the exchange of gold as middlemen. It is believed this empire started about 400 A.D.
Hadriani (772-795) a Roman is elected bishop of Rome. He conducted an ecclesiastical campaign to reform the Frankish empire into a Roman disciplinary culture. King Charles I Charlemagn (768-814) the Germanic-Frank had other ideas the he alone is guardian of the Catholic faith, the lord over the Church, even against the bishop of Rome, if need be.
774
The Franks at the request of the bishop of Rome under King Charles I Charlemagn (768-814) , defeated the Lombards occupying their capital Pavia, destroying their power forever and turned his attention to the northwest against the Bavarian, Thuringian and Saxon extending Frank control to the Elbe. Only the Lombard Duchy of Beneventum succeeded in preserving its independence despite repeated efforts of the Franks to conquer it. The Germanic-Saxon took every opportunity to rebel against conquest and baptism and are repeatedly put down again and again.
The infamous forgery of the Roman Catholic Church dated to 326 called the 'Donation of Constantine' among many other things including the confirmation of the bishop of Rome over all the Christians, a dogma of the Church. It is composed over the period of 754 to 796 but many suggest it is finalized in 774.
779
Emperor Dezong of China reigned (779-805)
782
King Charles I Charlemagn (768-814) the Germanic-Frank had taken four and a half thousand Germanic-Saxon prisoners and had them beheaded on the banks of the river Aller.
787
The Viking landed in the Hebrides, on the north coast of Ireland and on the southern shore of the Thames estuary. Having come to trade and been badly received, the Viking turned to pillage.
Orthodox Christianity establishes this date as the Date of Restoration of Religious Icons. The Icons represent a bridge between the divine and human. Rome and Constantinople came together to settle the iconoclastic dispute, King Charles I Charlemagn (768-814) the Germanic-Frank is outraged.
789
The Viking Age is considered from 780 – 1100 AD. Some believe the centralization of power in Scandinavia forced the tribal Kings to expand outward to gain capital to secure their position in a new system. The first recorded Viking raid however was recorded in 287 on the Lower Rhine.
It is noteworthy that the Goth, Burgundian and Vandal originated in Scandinavia.
790
Timotheus I, Patriarch of Seleucia records in 800 that in 790 in a rock dwelling near Jericho are found Hebrew books like the later Dead Sea Scrolls.
793
The Viking sack Lindisfarne.
794
King Charles I Charlemagn (768-814) the Germanic-Frank called a synod at Frankfurt to reverse the work of the seventh ecumenical council at Nicaea. Hadriani (772-795) bishop of Rome is forced to eat his words amid rumors that King Charles is planning to depose him and replace him with a Frankish prelate.
795
St Leo III (795-816) a Roman is unanimously elected and requested the Frank King (Charles) Charlemagne (768-814) to ratify his election. The Frank King told the bishop of Rome to pray like Moses for the realm and the victory of its army. Leo bishop of Rome a harsh, adulterous leader is sainted because of a presumed miracle of the restoration of his eyes and tongue. A Roman mob had wanted to gouge out his eyes and rip out his tongue but he had escaped to the Franks who believed the charges against him but refused to have him punished. Leo III remained the high priest of Rome but under the firm control of King Charles.
The Viking sack Iona and Lambay. Irish hermits are believed to be in Iceland about this time. They established a colony but when the Viking arrived eighty years later the Irish were gone. Some speculate they moved on to Greenland and America.
796
The Franks under Charlemagn (768-814) had pushed east to the middle Danube defeating the Asiatic Avar kingdom. The Franks Empire covered from the Atlantic and the Pyrenees to the Elbe, the Danube and the center of Italy.
798
The Frank King (Charles) Charlemagne (768-814) prompted Leo III (795-816) bishop of Rome to raise Salzburg to a metropolitan see status and to condemn King Felix of Urgel (d-818) of Spain.
799
Leo III (795-816) bishop of Rome riding in a procession to mass is violently attacked, and imprisoned. The bishop of Rome escaped and threw himself on the mercy of The Frank King at Paderborn. He is charged with perjury and adultery. In Frankish circles these charges are well founded. King Charles the Frank escorted the bishop of Rome back to Rome making no judgment.
800
The Avars are absorbed into the Slavs-Bulgar culture. This included Frankish territories of Northern Spain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany to the Elbe and Austria. Bavaria also paid homage. The problem is the Constantinople Empire leader is also crowned and proclaimed as Emperor of the Romans. Empress Irene, who had deposed her own son, still held Venice, Sicily and are intriguing with the still independent Lombard Duchy of Beneventum for the conquest of Italy.
Leo III (795-816) bishop of Rome crowned the King Charles (Charlemagne) (768-814), of the Franks, as the Emperor of the Romans (Roman Catholic Church), on December 25 in the Church of Saint Peter's. Some historians contend Leo II bishop of Rome is killed this year and that King Charles I (Charlemagne) (768-814) crowned himself Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. This is likely based on papal records used to support the sainthood of Leo. Leo III bishop of Rome is effectively instigating war between the Frank Empire and the Constantinople Empire. The concept of divide and conquer is used extensively by the Church. King Charles from this time ignored Rome and conducted his spiritual business with Constantinople the true head of the Churches.
Emperor Charlemagne is considered by many to be the true Head of the Church, its source of unity, and the Apostle of Church wisdom. The Bishop of Rome Leo III had pledged his loyalty and support to any church proclamations by the Emperor. The Emperor taught that the weakness of women's sex and the instability of her mind forbid that women should hold leadership over men in teaching and preaching. No longer could women assist at mass or administration of the sacraments. Charlemagne placed his faith in the Celtic Spear of Longinous (Spear of Destiny) that he carried into battle to ensure victory and endowed him with clairvoyant powers. Its mere possession carried the right to the throne.
The Scot-Celts from Ireland had conquered from the Picts the region of Scotland called Dalriada. The Wessex conquered the Celt in West Wales (Cornwall).
The Germanic-Danes, Germanic-Swedes and Germanic-Norwegians (Northmen or Viking) began to roam this year. Reports over the next one hundred years indicates that little pack ice is near Iceland or Greenland allowing easier navigation of these waters.
The Magyars crossed the Urals from Russia under command of Arpad displacing the Celt and Slavs.
St. Brendan an Irish monk sailing the North Atlantic wrote about the floating crystal castles (icebergs).
Halloween has its roots in antiquity but some point to this period (5 century B.C.) as the beginning of a Celtic feast called Samhain. It marked the beginning of a season of darkness and cold. Some believed evil spirits roamed the earth playing tricks on living humans. Bonfires were lit, dainty foods and sweets were served and folks danced, some times in costumes. The Romans adopted the feast but called it Pomoma or Feralia to bring peace to the dead. About 800 AD the Christian Church adopted the ritual but called it All Saints or All Souls Day.
802
King Egbert of Wessex (802-839) ruled the Celt, Anglo, and Saxon states and the Viking incursions multiplied.
805
Emperor Shunzong of China reigned 805
Emperor Xianzong of China reigned (805-820)
813
King Charles I placed the royal crown on his son's head making it very clear that he rejected any papal theory of the empire.
814
King Charles I died and fortunately he only had one surviving son, King Louis I, the Pious (814-840).
816
Stephen IV (816-817) a Roman is elected bishop of Rome and swore allegiance to Emperor Louis the Pious (814-840) the Frank. The bishop of Rome in turn reinforced the royal position of Louis firmly establishing the alliance.
817
Paschal I (817-824) a Roman is elected bishop of Rome. The Holy Roman Emperor Louis I the Pious (814-840) confirmed the bishop of Rome elections. The Emperor proclaimed that future papal elections are to be free and the new bishop of Rome need only notify the Emperor and renew the treaty of friendship.
820
Emperor Muzong of China reigned (820-824)
823
Co-Emperor Lothair (817) visited Rome exempting the abbey of Farfa (40 km north of Rome) from tribute to the bishop of Rome. This is a gesture to firmly establish their roles. Upon his departure Paschal bishop of Rome orders the murder (blinding and beheading) of two pro-Frankish leaders, Theodore and Leo. The bishop of Rome first disclaimed any involvement then later said they were executed as traitors. As a result of this the bishop of Rome is widely detested in Rome and upon his death the people refused to allow his burial in St. Peter's.
824
Emperor Jingzong of China reigned (824-827)
Paschal I (817-824) bishop of Rome is accused of complicity in murder and is so detested in Rome that he could not be buried in St. Peter's. Due to the corruption of the previous bishop of Rome, public disturbances are lasting several months in Rome. Emperor Louis I the Pious (814-840) and his son Emperor Lothair I (840-855) to stop the rivalry in Rome installed Eugene II (824-827) as bishop of Rome. The bishop of Rome acknowledged the Emperor’s sovereignty and swore an oath of loyalty to him. The Emperor sent his son Lothair to establish a constitutional relationship between the Holy Empire and the Papal See to exclude excesses like the previous papacy. He made provisions for the widows and children of persons assassinated by Paschal I (817-824) bishop of Rome and decreed the return of exiles. Immunity is granted to all persons under Imperial or Papal protection. Citizens are to be judged by Roman, Frankish or Lombard law according to their choice. A supervisory commission being one Imperial and one papal delegate reporting to the Emperor is established to keep a tight reign on the bishop of Rome and his administration in Rome. The ancient tradition of the people as well as the clergy electing the bishop of Rome is re-established. The synod of 826 ratified these church canons.
825
The Emperor chastised the bishop of Rome for not allowing tolerance concerning iconoclasm, suggesting images are permissible but are not to be adored. A synod accused the bishop of Rome of protecting error and superstition. The bishop of Rome refused to compromise and the Emperor didn't press the point.
Iceland is described by the Irish monk Dicuil.
827
Emperor Wenzong of China reigned (827-840)
Emperor Wuzong of China reigned (827-840)
Valentine (827-827) a Roman is elected unanimously by the people, clergy and nobility of Rome. This suggests the rules of the 826 synod are closely followed. Gregory IV (827-844) a Roman is elected mostly by the nobility. His concentration by the Holy Roman Emperor Louis I the Pious (814-840) is delayed until 828 when he swore allegiance. This delay is likely to test the popular acceptance of the bishop of Rome.
829
United England is established which included England Saxon, Angles, Northumbria, Essex, Wessex, Sussex and Kent tribes. Holy Emperor Louis I the Pious (814-840) sons Lothair I (840-855), Pepin (d-838) and Louis the German (d-876) rebelled against their father. Gregory IV (827-844) bishop of Rome supported Lothair and accompanied him across the Alps to Frankland. All the French Bishops are outraged reminding him of his oath to the Holy Emperor Louis and threatened his excommunication if he persisted in disloyalty.
The Nile River in Africa has frozen over this year.
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