Women are desperately needed
The men's preference is for peasant girls, the plumpest girls
are considered first
FRENCH HISTORY 1664-1666
FRENCH INDEX Return to Main French INDEX
The Jesuits ousted the Recollects from New France because of their humility.
The Jesuits now exercised a complete religious monopoly
1663
Sixty seven marriages, one hundred forty three births and thirty five deaths are recorded in New France.
Between (1634 to 1663) 262 Fillies a Marier, girls from France sponsored by individuals for marriage in New France were recruited
The Ursuline reported they were educating between 60-80 Indian girls as future wives of Frenchmen. Some only last a few hours, to a few days, to a few months. Some left to marry Frenchmen before their education was completed.
Rene Martin, Metis, b-1663, Acadia, son Pierre Martin, b-1631 and Anne Ouestnorouest dit Petitous, b-1644; (1671 census)
Some suggest Father (I)-Claude Jean Allouez (1613-1689) was made governor of all Natives and Traders of the Northwest Wilderness.
Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619–83) was concerned that the French population was mainly unmarried males, many of whom interbred freely with the Indians, wasting their seeds among the pagans instead of increasing the strength of the colony. It is noteworthy that most of these Metis children went unrecorded and left in the hands of the mother for rearing.
Trois Tivieres, Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Couc dit Lafleur, Metis, daughter (I)-Pierre Couc dit Lafleur (1624-1665) and Marie Mite8ameg8k8e (Miteouamigoukoue), an Algonquine, sauvagesse, (1631-1699).
(I)-Jean Verdon, b-1613, d-1663, Chateau Richer.
King Louis XIV issued an edict, taking all the assets of the Company of New France, making New France a Royal Province. In return, he sent hundreds of troops to deal with the Iroquois. Louis Gaudais Dupont appointed special agent for New France to take possession in the name of the King. He is commanded to take a census of New France, its economy, its lack of women and girls so that provisions can be made for sending some in coming years. The Hundred Associates, this year, abandon their seigniorial rights to the French crown.
King Louis XIV established a Superior Council of Quebec to resolve pressing problems, being composed of the governor, a senior cleric and five others whom they will choose jointly, and an Attorney General to be governed by the laws of the Kingdom. The council can establish lower courts at Quebec, Three Rivers and Ville-Marie (Montreal). Augustin de Saffray Mezy (1663-65) is appointed Governor.
The French King Louis XIV, himself, nominated the Bishop of New France as part of his campaign to bring the Roman Catholic Church under his control. This is a reaction to the previous Jesuit rule of both France and New France.
The Jesuit Bishop, Father (I)- Francois Xavier de Laval Montmorency (1623-1708), lost his power and the authority to appoint members to the Sovereign Council of New France. As a result, his influence declined and his attendance at Council became less frequent. He lost this privilege because he squabbled with the Governor of New France and had been trying to regain Jesuit power in the colony over temporal matters.
Augustin de Mezy de Saffray is appointed Governor of New France.
A Ville-Marie (Montreal) resident was fined 10 livres for plowing in plain view on a Sunday.
Seventeen 'Young Ladies' (Filles du Roi) arrived in Quebec this year.
(I)-Marie Mazoue (1644-1703) baptized a Calvinist La Rochelle, Aunis, France daughter Etienne Mazoue and Marie Merand departed La Rochelle, Aunis, France (Charente Maritime). Her dowry of four hundred pounds included three hundred pounds from her godmother, Marie Flacquemesle. Her dowry suggests a high probability that she is one of the King's Daughters or Fillies du Roi.
It is noteworthy that the term 'Filles du Roi' was not used at this time and
likely became popular about 1700. At this time they were called 'girls' or
'young ladies'
The King's Daughters are defined, by some, as the period of 1663 to 1673, where the
King provided dowry for poor or adventurous young girls, some as young
as sixteen, who would immigrate to New France. This is likely based on the
doubling of the number of marriages of this year over last year (39 vs
67). Others suggest this practice
started in 1660 rather than 1663. The Jesuit Relations suggest girls or young
ladies were being sent to New France as early as 1639. Jean Baptiste
Cilbert ordered the scouring of orphanages for robust girls of good character as
filles du Roi for Kebec.
However, some suggest that before1660, the girl’s
relatives paid the dowry and the girls were known as filles des marier or marriageable daughters.
Others suggest few girls actually received the promised dowry. The estimate, including the Kings daughters,
is that four thousand eight hundred and ninety four girls arrived from
1608 to 1700 in New France. The Kings daughters were to receive
a dowry of one hundred livres (only 5 of 606 sampled received this amount), ten for personal and moving expenses, thirty
for clothing and sixty for passage. Included is a hope chest filled
with necessities such as needles, thread and cloth. The records indicate that
the Province of origin of the eight hundred and fifty two Fillies du Roi, who arrived during 1663
to 1673, was as follows:
314 Ide De France
5 Brie
153 Normandy
5 Berry
86 Aunis
5 Auvergne
43 Champange
4 Limousin
38 Poitou
3 Angoumois
22 Anjou
3 Provence
22 Beauce
3 Savoie
19 Maine
2 Franche-Comte
19 Orleanais
2 Gascogne
This year there are six bachelors for every girl of marrying age, 12 years or older, in the colony. The average age of the men is 22.2 years. The statistics are 67 marriages, 143 births, 35 deaths and 108 excedant (single or surplus) in New France. (I)-Marie Mazoue (1644-1703) arrived with thirty King's girls between the ages of twelve and forty-five. It is the custom to deport any pregnant girl who arrived. The Priests and Notaries are on hand with the expectation that the girls will select her husband upon arrival. Given the shortages of women, the men are on their best behavior, and extensive questioning takes place as to their economic status with health being a priority. (I)-Marie Mazoue (1644-1703), age 19, with her dowry of four hundred and fifty pounds, could be more discerning as to his character, beliefs and values, as was her priority. She could afford to select a young man.
The men's preference is for peasant girls because they are healthy and industrious. The men prefer the plumpest girls first. They overlook a bad complexion or squint if the figure is buxom, as this is considered a sign of fertility. The marriage follows selection, priests being on hand to conduct the ceremony and notaries to make out the necessary papers. The State gives each couple an ox, cow, two pigs, a pair of chicken, two barrels of salted meat and eleven crowns in money.
The Filles du Roi first question was about the Suitor's home, finances, land and occupation. Marie de I'lincarnation says: "The smarest [among the suitors] began making an habitation one year before getting married, because those with an habitation find a wife easier. It's the first thing that the girls ask about, wisely at that, since those who are not established suffer greatly before being comfortable." The average interval between arrival and marriage is four to five months, although the average interval for girls aged 12 to 16 was slightly longer than fifteen months.
SOME FILLE DU ROI who arrived 1663 and entered into contract of marriage
Marie-Anne
Agatha, married. Armand,
Laurent,
Mary Albert,
married.
Jean Chauveau, dit Lafleur,
Marguerite Ardion,
b-1638, a protestant, a widow and child Laurent Beaudet, married Jean Rabouin.
Catherine Barré,
married. Nicolas Roy
Catherine De
Boisandré, married
.
Marc-Antoine
Gobelin
dit Cinq-Mars, said his name was Cinq-Mars
Francoise Brunet, b-1635, widow 1st married 1654 Martin
Durand, came with two children, married 1663 Theodore Sureau dit Elder
Louise Charrier,
married. Guillaume
(William)
Baret,
Marie-Madeleine
De
Chevrainville, said Lafontaine, married.
Joseph-Isaac
Lamy,
Helen Dufiguier,
married.
Jacques Fournier,
Sieur
Delaville,
Catherine Dupuis, married.
Charles Martin,
Mary Faucon, married Guillaume
Chartier;
2nd marriage 1708
François
Jocteau,
Anne Labbé, Anne married. Guillaume Gilles, (in
France), 2nd marriage 1663 Marc Girard,
Marie Lafaye, married. Rene Emond,
Catherine Fievre,
married.
Charles Allaire,
Charles,
Louise Gargotten , b-1637, married Daniel Perron dit Suire
Anne Lemaître, married. Adrien Blanquet dit La Fougère,
Susan De
Licerace, married. Michel Bisson,
dit Amos, said
his name was Amos
Francoise Moisan, married. Antoine
Brunet,
Antoine, dit Belhumeur, said
his
name is Belhumeur;
2nd marriage 1707,
Pierre Perthuis,
dit Lalime, said
his name is
Lalime,
Marguerite Moitié, married. Joseph-Élie Gauthier,
Catherine Paulo b-1645, married Etienne Canpeau
Marguerite Peuvier, b-1640, married Jacques Meneux dit
Chateauneuf; 2nd marriage 1696 Guillaume Lizot
Catherine Pillant, b-1650, married Pierre Charon dit Ducharme
Marie Targer, married Jean Royer; 2nd marriage
1676 Robert Tourneroche,
Masthurine Thibault, married. Jean Milot, dit Bourguignon,
Marie Valade b-1647, married Jean Baptiste Cadieux; 2nd
marriage 1682 Philippe Boudier,
Populating this list it is fairly obvious that records compiled in France did
not accompany the girls. Some created a family name upon arrival because
they didn't possess one or didn't know it or they created it during the promise
of marriage phase. Place of birth was also created in some cases.
The names of some husbands was also created during the process.
Roomers persist that some of the King's girls are the prostitutes of France. The authorities continue to deny this claim. If they behave badly on the trip over, they are sent back, But in reality few, if any, are returned. Many poor girls, however, are sent against their wishes.
Once married, women were the property of her husband. She could never get a divorce, and could not get a separation unless he beat her with a stick thicker than his wrist. For all intent and purpose, she was a slave. The savages thought this practice was barbaric and belittled women, the givers of life.
The population of New France is two thousand, five hundred, of whom eight hundred are in Fort Quebec. This is an increase of only 500 over the past ten years.
The Church, at this time, also held about one tenth of the seigniorial lands in the St. Lawrence valley.
January 7: Three suns are seen in the sky at once over New France.
January 15: Three suns are again seen in the sky at once over New France.
January 24: Quebec, La Badaude's house was robbed, and the thief, Larose, set fire to it to conceal his crime; he was convicted and hanged. Several other thieves were found out, but few were punished.
February 5: Just before the Great Earthquake, Quebec was in carnival, orgies, drinking bouts, and dances, not to speak of some things more serious, which may offend chaste ears and are better passed over in silence than mentioned. Heaven and earth have spoken to us many times during this year.
February 5, 5:30P.M.: A great earthquake, centered near the mouth of the Saguenay River, shook the whole country, and some people thought the world was about to end. The priests used this natural phenomenon as a sign to align the people with their beliefs and values. Father (I)-Jerome Lalemant (1593-1673) wrote: "Mountains were swallowed up, forests were changed into great lakes, rivers disappeared, thunder rumbled beneath our feet, which belched forth flames." The Savages say: "All the woods were drunken." Pikes and lances of fire were seen, waving in the air. At Three Rivers: The first and severest of all the shocks began with a rumbling like that of thunder, the house were shaken like tree tops during a storm, amid a noise that made people think there was a fire crackling in their garrets. Both shores of the St. Lawrence River for 300 miles are strewn with uprooted trees. The first shock lasted 1/2 hour and was felt beyond Ville-Marie (Montreal) to Acadia and New England. The after shocks continued for more than 6 months, well into August, some suggested until September 9. Not a person lost his life or even his earthly possessions.
The shocks which continued for months and, in September (some say December, see note end 1663), an eclipse of the sun are used by Father Jerome Lalemant to a revival of piety. Lalwmant also used this natural phenomena to terrorize the Savages.
February 20: (I)- Louis Garnault aka Garnaud and Guerineau (1634-1698) at age 29 became sedentary on the territory of the Coste de Beaupre, that was later called the Guardian Angel.
February 24: Quebec, birth Jean Chevalier, Metis, son Rene Chevalier (1626-1679) and (II)-Jeanne Langlois, Metis b-1643, Quebec: married February 25, 1686 Beauport, Marie Madeleine Lvisse
February 24: The French Crown acquired all assets of the Company of New France, making New France a Royal Colony.
April 17: Trois Rivieres, birth (II)-Francoise Volant de St. Claude, Metis,died July 1663. Trois Rivieres, daughter (I)-Claude Volant de St. Claude, b-1636 and (II)-Francoise Radisson, Metis. b-1636.
April 22, Quebec, birth (III)-Jean Pelletier, Metis, d-1739 son (II)-Jean Pelletier (1631-1698) and (II)-Anne Langlois, Metis, (1637-1704); married January 8, 1689, Riviere Ouelle, (II)-Marie Anne St. Laurent Huot born January 6, 1666 Riviere Ouelle veuve Louis Garnaut.
May 1: Augustin de Saffray de Mezy is appointed Royal Governor of New France from September 15, 1663 to May 5, 1665.
May 7: Louis Gaudais Dupont is appointed special commissioner for New France to take possession in the name of the King.
May 29: Sieur de Beaulier and his valet is burned to death in his home on the Island de Orleans being set by another valet who was convicted. It was ordered that his hand be cut off, and to be hanged and burnt, which was carried out June 8.
June: Quebec, (I)-Marie Mazoue also Masoue, (1644-1713) arrived Quebec in the Phoenix de Flessingue ship of 200 barrels. She was a girl of the King and had an estimated 150 pounds, plus a gift from her godmother of 300 pounds.
June 2: Quebec, (I)-Jacques Gourdeau b-1614 or 1624, was assonated and his house burned downed to hide the murder.
June 18: Quebec, birth (III)-Francoise Miville. Metis, died December 6, 1727Cap St. Ignace, daughter, (II)-Francois Miville and (II)-Marie Langlois, Metis (1636-1687; married November 16, 1680 Cap St. Ignace, Pierre Richard.
June 24: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth, (II)-Jean Tessier dit Lavigue, Metis, died December 7, 1734 Ville-Marie (Montreal), son (I)- Urbain Tessier, (1624-1689) and (II)-Marie Archambault, Metis, baptised, 1636, died August 16, 1719 Pte Aux Trembles, Ville-Marie (Montreal); 1st married November 21, 1686 (II)-Laprairie Jeanne Leber b-1671, died December 4, 1687 Laprairie daughter (I)-Jean Leber: 2nd married April 21, 1688 Laprairie (II)-Louise Caron b-1671, died April 13, 1703 Ville-Marie (Montreal),daughter (I)-Claude Caron; 3rd marriage August 27, 1703 Laprairie (II)-Marie Catherine de Poitiers, b-1671 died January 22, 1745 Ville-Marie (Montreal) daughter (I)-Jean Baptiste Poitiers.
July 5: Father (I)-Rene Menard (1605-1661) party of 7 Frenchmen reached Ville-Marie (Montreal) with 35 canoes and 150 men with furs to trade. Father Menard and Jean Guerin, d-1662, died on this expedition.
July 9: Quebec, (I)-Louis Garnaud aka Garnault and Guerineau, (1634-1698) seeking a wife meets (I)-Marie Mazoue also Masoue, (1644-1713) and signed a marriage contract
July 17: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Madeleine Fournier, Metis, died October 8, 1664, Quebec, daughter (I)-Guillaume Fournier, (1619-1699) and (III)-Francoise Hebert, Metis b-1637:
July 21: Father Claude Allouez (1622-1689) is assigned Vicar General of the Quebec diocese which includes the central region of America.
July 23: Marie Mazoue (1644-1703) had selected Louis Garnaud (1641-1698) to begin the Garneau ancestry as recorded by the Notary Guillaume Audouart. They moved to Coste de Beaupre aka Garden Angel.
July 31: Sillery. birth (III)-Jean Francois Xavier Pelletier Metis, killed November 2, 1692 by Iroquois, son (II)-Jean Pelletier Metis (1647-1692) and Marie Genevieve Manevely De Rainville; married May 7, 1685 Sorel, Genevieve Le Tendre
August 15: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Joseph Cloutier, Metis, died April 7, 1671, Chateau Richer, son (II)-Jean Cloutier, (1621-1690) and (II)-Marie Martin, Metis, (1635-1699);
September: A ship arrived from France with Commissioner Louis Gaudais Dupont and 159 settlers who were indentured for three years, sixty settlers had died at sea.
September 1: A solar eclipse is noted at Quebec.
September 18: The Conseil Souverain (Sovereign Council) of New France is established, consisting of the Royal Governor, Bishop and five councilors.
September 19: Chateau Richer, birth (III)-Madeleine Cote, Metis, died August 25, 1689 Cap Ste Ignace, daughter (II)-Louis Cote d-1669 and (II)-Elizabeth Langlois, Metis b-1645: married November 26, 1682 Cap St. Ignace, Louis Lemieux.
September 22: Thirty-six girls (some claim the first group of Filles du Roi) arrived Quebec.
September 28: The Sovereign Council banned the sale of liquor to Indians.
October 2: A ship from Normandy brings 82 girls and women, and one hundred and thirty laboring men.
October 7: Jean Baptiste Legardeur de Repentigny is appointed the first Mayor of Quebec.
October 20: Kebec, marriage (I)-Catherine De Boisandre, (1640-1685), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Marc Antoine Gobelin dit Cinq Mars.
October 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Catherine Barre, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Nicolas Roy
October 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Lafaye, (1633-1708) a Filles du Roi to (I)-Rene Emond, b-1636
October 22: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Madeleine De Chevrainville dite Lafontaine, b-1650, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Joseph Isaac Lamy, b-1640
October 23: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Marguerite Le Peuvrier, b-1638, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jacques Meneux dit Chateauneuf, b-1639; 2nd marriage Lizot Guillaume
October 24: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Marguerite Moitie (1648-1701) a Filles du Roi to (I)-Joseph Elie Gauthier (1626-1700)
October 24: Kebec, marriage (I)-Helene Dufiguier, b-1644, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jacques Fournier, sieur Delaville, b-1633
October 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Anne Agathe, d-1700, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Laurent Armand.
October 28: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marguerite, b-1643, a Filles du Roi arrived with her son (II)-Laurent Beaudet, married (I)-Jean Rabouin (1637-1707)
October 29: Kebec, marriage (I)-Marie Albert, b-1645, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Chauveau dit Lafleur, b-1635
November 2: Chateau Richer, marriage (I)-Marie Targer, b-1641 a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Royer, b-1636 (epouse 1st Madeleine Du Bois): epouse February 16, 1676 Ste Famille, Roberta Tourneroche
November 7: Kebec, marriage (I)-Anne Le Maitre (veuve Louis Le Roy), b-1617, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Adrien Blanquet dit La Fougere, b-1604
November 8: Kebec, marriage (I)-Francoise Brunet, d-1677 (veuve Martin Durand), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Theodore Sureau, d-1677.
November 10: Kebec, marriage (I)-Catherine Fievre, b-1645, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Charles Allaire aka Alaire, b-1635.
November 12: Kebec, marriage (I)-Louise Menacier, b-1638 a Filles du Roi to (I)-Toussaint Ledran (1638-1711)
November 19: Trois Rivieres, marriage (I)-Louise Charrier (Charier), a Filles du Roi to (I)-Guillaume Baret
November 19: Alexandre de Prouville de Tracy (1596-1670) is appointed Lieutenant General of all French territories in North and South America.
November 23: Quebec, birth (II)-Marie Anne Rate, Metis, son (I)-Jacques Rate, (1630-1690) and (II)-Anne Martin, Metis, b-1645; married November 23, 1683, St. Pierre, I., Ignace Gosselin.
November 24: Ville-Marie (Montreal), birth (II)-Louis Gervaise, Metis, son, (I)- Jean Gervaise (1621-1690), and (II)-Anne Archambault, Metis (1621- 1699); married November 25, 1686, Ville-Marie (Montreal) (II)-Barbe Pigeon daughter (I)-Pierre Pigeon.
November 26: Trois Rivieres, marriage (II)-Jean Crevier Sieur Duvernet-Duvernay, Metis b-1642 son (I)-Christophe Crevier and Jeanne Enard Metis b-1619; married (II)-Marguerite Hertel daughter (I)-Jacques Hertal (1630-1651) and Marie Harguerine d-1700
November 26: Kebec, marriage (I)-Mathurine Thibault, a Filles du Roi to Jean Milot dit Bourguignon
November 26: Ville Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Marie Valade, b-1644, a Filles du Roi to (I)-Jean Cadieux, (1634-1681): epouse February 9, 1682, Montreal, Philippe Boudier
November 28: Ville Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Catherine Dupuis aka Dupay, b-1644, a Filles du Roi to (II)-Charles Martin , b-1644
November 28: Ville Marie (Montreal), marriage (I)-Francoise Moisan, b-1645, a Filles du Roi to (II)-Antoine Brunet dit Belhumeur, b-1644: 2nd marriage February 13, 1707 Pierre dit Lalime
November 28: Montreal, marriage (II)-Charles Martin Metis b-1648 son (I)-(II)-Pierre Martin and Madeleine Panis (slave); married 1st Catherine Dupuy (1644-1682); 2nd marriage October 6, 1683 Boucherville Marie Attanville b-1645, veuve Jean Fauconnier.
November 28: Young Ladies (Fillies du Roi) are not allowed to marry at their leisure, and the priests are forbidden to slow down marriages for fear that some are not free and of a marriageable state.
December 1: Trois Rivieres, death (I)-Jean Trepie.
December 2: Sillery birth (III)-Francoise Pelletier Metis son (II)-Francois Pelletier (1635-1688) Metis, and (II)-Marguerite Madeleine Morisseau; married May 2, 1689 Champlain Madeleine Thunes.
1663 QUEBEC, NEW FRANCE
Kebec, New France marriage (I)-Louis Garnaud aka Garnault and Guerineau, is born 1634, La Grimaudiere, Vienne, France, died April 2, 1698, L'Ange Gardien, New France, son of Pierre Garnault and Jeanne Barault (Barrault) of Grimaudiere, Leveche De (Vienne) Poitiers, Anjou, France.
Married; July 23, 1663, Quebec, New France, (I)-Marie Mazoue also Masoue, born, December 3, 1644, baptized December 8, 1644 La Rochelle, Aunis, France, died, June 19, 1713, L'Ange Gardien, New France. Daughter: of Etienne Mazoue and Marie Merand of La Rochelle, Aunis, France. Sources: (Voy., Vol. I, P252), Tanguay & Cyrrien, The French Canadians 1600-1900 (PQ441-252) & November 14, 1681 census C-2474 Seigneurie de Beaupre. Dictionnaire Genealogique des Families du Quebec. She was a junior of a family of 7 children. Her father died when she was age 9 and her mother when she was age 18.
Events:
1656 Louis arrived Fort Kebec.
1660 February 24 Louis is confirmed at Kebec.
1661 Louis joined the L'Ange Gardien, New France colony.
1663 Marie arrived Fort Quebec.
1713 June 19, inventory of Louis possessions.
1715 October 4, inventory of Marie possessions.
EIGHT CHILDREN ARE RECORDED:
(II)-Francois Garnaud, born, September 28, 1665, at Chateau Richer, New France, married, February 7, 1689, at L'Ange Gardien, New France a (II)-Louise Carreau, born, April 18, 1664, Quebec, New France, daughter (I)-Louis Carreau alias Lafraicheur, born 1621 who arrived from Bordeaux, France and married, April 30, 1654, Fort Quebec an (I)-Jeanne Lerouge, born 1625, died March 9, 1696.
(II)-Louis Garnaud, born, April 2, 1670, died, October 6, 1750, and married, April 14, 1692, all at L'Ange Gardien, New France to (II)-Marie Anne Huot, born, May 14, 1674, died, March 4, 1703, at L'Ange-Gardien, New France; daughter (I)-Mathurin Huot, born 1646, D'Angers, Anjou, France, died 1712 and (II)-Marie Letartre, born 1653.
(II)-Louis Garnaud second marriage, June 25, 1705, at Beauport, New France a (II)-Marguerite Catherine Soulard (Miville), born, March 13, 1669, (elle espouse 1696 Pierre Vachon); daughter (I)-Jean Soulard, born 1646, died 1710 married 1666 a
(II)-Catherine Boutet, born 1637, (widow Charles Philippeau).
(II)-Anonyme-1 Garnaud, was born and died, January 29, 1671, at Chateau Richer, New France.
(II)-Charles Garnaud, was born, August 9, 1671, at L'Ange Gardien, New France and assumed to have been still born.
(II)-Anonyme-2 Garnaud, was born and died, October 7, 1673, at L'Ange Gardien, New France.
(II)-Jean Garnaud was born, October 9, 1676, at L'Ange Gardien, New France,
died, November 27, 1749, at Charlesbourg, New France, married, April 8, 1698,
at L'Ange Gardien, New France a (II)-Louise Huot, born, December 20, 1679,
L'Ange-Gardien, New France, died, July 7, 1730, Charlesbourg, New France; daughter
(I)-Mathurin Huot born, 1646 and (II)-Marie Letartre born,
1653.
(II)-Jean Garnaud second marriage, March 7, 1735, at Charlesbourg, New France a (III)-Marie Ursule Martin, born, August 27, 1707, daughter (II)-Antoine Martin, born 1654 and married 1699 a (II)-Marie Bonet, born 1677; (Ursule second marriage, November 23, 1750 at Charlesbourg, New France a Charles Corvaosier).
(II)-Louis Garnaud is born, March 23, 1678, at L'Ange Gardien, New France and probable marriage about 1710 Beauceville, New France.
(II)-Jacques Garnaud, born, May 1, 1679, died, July 15, 1711, and married
October 6, 1701 all at L'Ange Gardien, New France a (III)-Angelique Trudel,
born, August 4, 1682, L'Ange-Gardien, New France, daughter (II)-Pierre Trudel,
born 1658 and married 1680 a (II)-Francoise Le Francois, born 1663;
Angelique second marriage, November 23, 1711, a Jacques Huot at L'Ange
Gardien, New France.
(I)-Louis and Marie Garnaud immediately departed for L'Ange-Gardien
in the parish of Chateau Richer. There is no church at L'Ange-Gardien.
L'Ange Gardien is located between the rivers Montmorency and Petit Pre that
is about ten miles north east of Quebec city on the north side of the St.
Lawrence river. This colony claimed to have existed since 1570, but
it must have been a wintering or unauthorized trading location.
Meanwhile, (II)-Pierre Esprit Chouart dit Radisson, Metis (1636-1710) and (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?), with three hundred canoe loads of northern pelts, returned to Fort Quebec. These prominent Coureurs des Bois are arrested and fined by the Governor and their furs are seized. They had been refused permission to trade in 1661 unless they gave one half of all future trading profits to the monopoly. This gross act of free trade suppression would ultimately lead to the creation of the Hudson Bay Company by (I)-Medard Chouart Des Groseilliers (1618-1696?) and the ultimate loss of New France to England. Groseillier immediately departed to France to request an over turning of the New France trade decision, but he got a cold shoulder in France. As a result, a directive effectively placed the Metis and French free traders- those Coureurs des Bois- to the status of criminals.
The Jesuits ousted the Recollects from New France because of their humility. The Jesuits now exercised a complete religious monopoly and, now, had a better chance to control the trade. When the King hears of this treachery he would restore them in 1668. As a result of this tampering, the King decreed he would appoint future Bishops to New France. The Company of New France, deemed a complete failure by King Louis, surrendered its charter in 1663. The Royal Government of France replaced it, remaining the same until New France fell in 1760.
Pierre Boucher (1622-1717) is again made Governor of Three Rivers (1663-1665).
(I)-Augustin de Saffray, chevalier de Mezy, died May 5, 1665, is appointed Governor of New France from September 15, 1663 to May 5, 1665. His rule was undermined by the Jesuits who politically appointed Bishop Lavel (1623-1708) with overlapping roles and responsibilities with the Governor. The Jesuits considered Mezy as a violent and arbitrary ruler. Had Mezy survived, he likely would have labeled the Jesuit Bishop Lavel as more political than religious. History would verify this predominant role of the Jesuits.
"I just visited you site and the sun eclipse which followed the February earthquake did not happen in December but rather on 1 September 1663. It is specified in a letter from Mother Marie de L'Incarnation to her son (was married before entering the convent) in which she says she was ready to die when the earthquake happened. The letter is dated 1 September 1663 and it finishes abruptly like this (quoted by memory) : "I have to close this letter to watch the sun eclipse just starting; it is 1:00 p.m." With a reliable astronomy software called Red Shift 3, I could reproduce the eclipse for Quebec City and it started at 1:10 p.m. I could also check other eclipses described even in antiquity (namely 28 May -585 in now Turkey said to have stopped a war) and the reproduction is really neat." Source Denis Hamel of Ville-Marie (Montreal), Quebec.
Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619–83), a French statesman who took over direction of colonial affairs, strongly opposed French westward expansion. He considered the clergy as a group of parasites. (I)-Jean Talon, Intendant of New France (1625/26-1694), had proposed the establishment of a vast French Empire from the St. Lawrence to Florida and Mexico. Colbert argued it would be poor policy to depopulate France in order to populate Canada. Colbert wrote that to strengthen the colony is to cause justice to reign, to establish a good civil administration, to take care of the settlers, to give them peace, tranquility and abundance, and to train them to defend themselves against all manner of foes; for these are the basis and foundation of every establishment. Colbert had misgivings in allowing Canadians to trade, as he feared the habitants would remain idle a good part of the year, whereas if they were not allowed to engage in it, they would be obliged to apply themselves to cultivating their land.
Autumn: The Agniehronnon (Iroquois) captured two Frenchmen out hunting from Three Rivers, but they eventually escaped to tell their tales. The Iroquois do most of their trade for fire-arms, powder and lead with the Dutch at New Holland.
FRENCH HISTORY
1664-1666
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